Research On Impacts Of Spatial Organization Of Railway Station Area On Walking Service Efficiency

In China,railway construction and research often focus on space utilization,land use and industrial development instead of great traffic pressure from railway passengers and pedestrians.Due to the lack of in-depth research on pedestrian traffic,many railway station areas have the phenomenon of passenger flow accumulation,passenger flow overload and poor spatial experience.How to guide the rapid flow of pedestrians in peak hours,keep balance between the rapid growth of pedestrian flow and limited urban space,and meet requirements of pedestrian traffic,is an urgent problem to be solved.Pedestrian traffic is a complex systemic problem,which is composed of two content of “flow” and “place”.However,in urban research,there is a lack of “flow”and the balance between those two contents.The spatial organization of railway station area is closely associated with pedestrian flow.For example,facilities density,road network,spatial structure and station entrance have direct influence on pedestrian number,route,distribution and gathering.The concept of “walking service efficiency” integrate the “flow” and “place” of pedestrian traffic,balance the “supply”and “demand” of traffic service.It could evaluate the spatial organization of railway station area from the perspective of pedestrian traffic,and deeply understand the correlation between spatial organization and pedestrian traffic.In the aspect of spatial organization,the understanding should be reality-based of China.Taking Shenzhen as a study case,after analysis of the spatial organization characteristics of railway station area,it is found that the previous classification according to space scale and function can not fully reflect the spatial organization characteristics and the spatial-temporal distribution of pedestrian traffic.Classify by spatial structure is more effective.Therefore,after calculating the shape index and density gradient,Shenzhen railway station area is divided into three categories: nodebased,area-based and corridor-based structures.These structural types,together with the function,street network and the entrance layout,constitute the independent variable system of spatial organization.The big data of ridership records of metro stations,Point-of-interest(POI)and the Open Stree Map(OSM)of street networks surrounding railway stations were used to investigate spatial characteristics.The spatial organization indices are calculated as the independent variables.In the aspect of walking service efficiency,the contradiction between space and walking is apparent in Shenzhen.In peak hours,it is a common phenomenon that pedestrian walks slowly and gathering instantaneously.The main reason is that pedestrian traffic is not fully considered during urban planning,and the lack of effective support for large-scale pedestrian flow,which restricts the further improvement of walking service efficiency.With the urban renewal and development,walking demand of urban rail station area will be further increased,and walking service efficiency should be further strengthened from the aspects of improving the walking efficiency,dispersing pedestrian gathering and instantaneous passenger flow.Therefore,the research contents of walking service efficiency should focus on pedestrian mobility and spatial-temporal coordination to select dependent variables.After defining the dependent variables of walking service efficiency,the main problem is how to calculate these indicators.With the help of pedestrian microsimulation technology,the spatial-temporal changes of large-scale pedestrian flow can be reproduced,and the index results can be extracted.In this paper,264 streets in nine typical railway station areas are taken as the empirical research objects.Firstly,the pedestrian traffic distribution is predicted by field survey and the traditional fourstep transportation model,and the results are tested by thermal map.Then,the simulation software is used to output data and further compare with the field survey results for adjustment and optimization.Finally,output data can be used to calculate the dependent variables.The results contain 1 group of realistic scenario,9 groups of function increasing scenarios and 8 groups of entrance change scenarios.Finally,it constitutes the dependent variable system of walking service efficiency.Based on the results of mathematical statistical analysis,it is confirmed that spatial organization has a significant impact on the walking service efficiency,and the key factors include commercial facility density,street betweenness and sidewalk width.After comparing the three structural types,it is found that there are significant differences in the walking service efficiency,among which the corridor-based station has the best unobstructed,and the node-based station has the greatest time sensitivity.Through the multi scenario simulations,the specific influence degree of function distribution and street networks on walking service efficiency are obtained,and the change of walking service efficiency with different location,number of entrances and connection mode is analyzed.This study reveals the group behavior mechanism of “space-behaviorefficiency”.According to the internal logic among the indicators of walking service efficiency,the rank of the key factors is function density,entrance layout and structure.From the perspective of improving walking service efficiency,this paper puts forward the design optimization strategy and constructs the design process of“capacity scale-station design-station area planning”.