Research On The Pedestrian Evacuation Experiment And Simulation Model In Buildings Considering Human Psychological Factors

With the improvement of China’s urbanization,the urban population is becoming denser and the number of densely populated places rises.Increasingly with it is the threat to people’s lives and property from fires,stampede,and other disasters in such places.The safety of people in various large-scale complexes and high-rise buildings in cities and the research on the crowd evacuation rules have received more and more attention.Based on space division,this thesis divides the research on evacuation in buildings into three parts: research on horizontal evacuation process in buildings,research on path-finding mechanism during horizontal evacuation in buildings,and research on vertical evacuation process in buildings.Controlable scene experiments are conducted respectively.The human psychological states are taken into account to establish an evacuation model in buildings that can better reflect the characteristics of evacuation behavior in buildings and simulate reality more accurately.Firstly,besides the existing horizontal evacuation experiments in buildings,this the-sis supplemented horizontal evacuation sign guiding effect experiments involving 875 person times and vertical merging behavior experiments involving 130 person times.Dur-ing the analysis of the guiding effect experiment results,the objective and subjective ig-norance of evacuation signs were discovered.The abnormal refusing to follow the sign direction confirmed that others had interference effect on the sign guiding effect.During the analysis of merging behavior experiment results,the waiting behavior in the decision-making process of the merging behavior and the different moving characteristics under different densities were discovered.The influence of human psychological states on the vertical evacuation process was discussed.In terms of the research on horizontal evacuation models in buildings,this thesis improves the social force setting methods and judgment conditions in the social force model,and proposes the spreading model and mechanism of evacuation urgency.The improved model eliminates the abnormal oscillations in the speed of evacuees near fixed obstacles,repairs the abnormal collision behavior of evacuees,and expands the model’s ability to characterize the spread of evacuees’ psychological factors.In terms of the research on the horizontal pathfinding process in buildings,the in-fluence of human psychological factors shown in the experiments is fully considered.A wayfinding memory model in horizontal evacuation in buildings is proposed based on the framework of cognitive map.According to the model results,the classic evacuation sign guidance simulation rules strongly underestimate the evacuation time and overestimate the overall evacuation efficiency due to insufficient consideration of human psychologi-cal factors.Finally,in terms of the vertical evacuation model,a modified cellular automata model was established with the consideration of the decision-making process in merging behav-ior.The different decision preferences and moving characteristics under different psycho-logical states were described.The simulation results are concsistent with the experimental results,with the mean square error less than 0.7.