| Aconitum carmichaelii Debx is a medicinal plant of Aconitum in Ranunculaceae,which has a long history of medicinal use,and The medicinal materials are divided into Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP)and Aconiti Radix(AR).There are differences in processing methods,properties and efficacy between them.Although the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has identified the medicinal parts,there is still a situation of mixed use.Jiangyou of Sichuan Province is a genuine producing area of ALRP and AR,which has a long history of planting.In order to clarify the quality status of ALRP and AR to improve the quality standards,and clarify the material basis of different parts in further,which can provide a theoretical basis for the scientificity of their incompatibility.The soil nutrient determination and fertility evaluation were conducted to provide theoretical basis for revealing the authenticity,which is the decisive factors affecting the quality difference between them.The main results were as follows:1 The quality index of ALRP and ARIn the ALRP,the content of total ash was 2.35%?3.96%,acid insoluble ash was 0.06%?0.40%,physiological ash was 2.10%?3.81%,alcohol-soluble extractive was 7.83%?37.50%,total alkaloids was 0.61%?1.85%,total flavonoids was 0.20%?1.07%,total polysaccharides was 8.88%?20.17%,polyphenols was 0.28%?0.83%,uracil was 0.0008%?0.0189%,adenosine was 0.0091%?0.0391%,guanosine was 0.0097%?0.0381%,uridine was 0.0100%?0.0669%,benzoylmesaconitine was 0.0091%?0.0668%,benzoylaconitine was 0.0015%?0.0146%,benzoylhypaconitine was 0.0032%?0.0138%,mesaconitine was 0.0101%?0.0637%,aconitine was 0.0246%?0.1657%and hypaconitine was 0.0026%?0.0271%.In the AR,the content of total ash was 4.26%?10.36%,acid insoluble ash was 0.26%?0.82%,physiological ash was 3.93%?9.76%,alcohol-soluble extractive was 20.57%?42.49%,total alkaloids was 0.45%?0.94%,total flavonoids was 0.44%?1.34%,total polysaccharides was 6.37%?13.06%,polyphenols was 0.37%?0.89%,uracil was 0.0031%?0.0131%,adenosine was 0.0164%?0.0497%,guanosine was 0.0293%?0.0645%,uridine was 0.0311%?0.1094%,benzoylmesaconitine was 0.0168%?0.0704%,benzoylaconitine was 0.0018%?0.0093%,benzoylhypaconitine was 0.0018%?0.0069%,mesaconitine was 0.0214%?0.1139%,aconitine was 0.0147%?0.0643%and hypaconitine was 0.0031%?0.0181%.The contents of total ash,acid-insoluble ash,physiological ash,extract,total alkaloids,total flavonoids,total polysaccharides,polyphenols,uracil,adenosine,guanine nucleoside,uracil nucleoside,benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl hypaconitine,neoaconitine,hypaconitine and aconitine in ALRP and AR were significantly different.The contents of total ash,acid insoluble ash,physiological ash,extract,total flavonoids,polyphenols,guanine nucleoside and uracil nucleoside in AR were significantly higher than those in ALRP;and the contents of total alkaloids,total polysaccharides,benzoylaconitine and hypaconitine in ALRP were significantly higher than those in AR.Chemical contents,besides the uracil and aconitine,in ALRP and AR were significantly different extremely.The cluster analysis results showed that they can be clustered separately,which further indicates that the medicinal parts of ALRP and AR are scientific,and they can not be mixed use.Based on multi-index multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the quality of ALRP and AR,the samples No.40,15 and 12 of ALRP was the best in quality and the samples No.27,17 and 5 of AR was the best in quality.2 The fingerprints of ALRP and ARThe ALRP and AR in different planting plots showed significant differences in the contents of various chemical components.The fingerprints established could realize the comprehensive evaluation of the internal chemical components and the overall quality control of ALRP and AR.The X-ray diffraction fingerprints of ALRP and AR were established for the first time,and the outlines of the X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints were basically the same,and the results were consistent with the quality evaluation results.3 Cultivation soil fertility characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of ALRP and AR cultivationThe X-ray diffraction patterns of cultivated soils of ALRP and AR were established for the first time,the structural characteristics of soil layers and rhizosphere soil in different planting plots were similar.In the soil of A layer,the pH was 4.67?7.55,the content of OM was 18.21?53.06 g/kg,AN was 102.44?271.43 mg/kg,AP was 18.91?108.02 mg/kg,AK was 48.17?513.10 mg/kg,ACa was 41.68?655.67 mg/kg,AMg was 62.58?232.33 mg/kg,AFe was 65.98?440.18 mg/kg,AMn was 1.50?78.86 mg/kg,AZn was 1.83?13.17 mg/kg,ACu was 1.41?14.41 mg/kg.The coefficient of variance of the index was 13.92%?100.21%,and the maximum in AMn and the minimum in pH.In the soil of B layer,the pH was 5.03?7.73,the content of OM was 15.91?43.38 g/kg,AN was 88.72?233.70 mg/kg,AP was 11.66?81.12 mg/kg,AK was 49.67?514.81 mg/kg,ACa was 41.55?732.49 mg/kg,AMg was 52.44?222.5 mg/kg,AFe was 51.16?500.93 mg/kg,AMn was 2.35?117.31 mg/kg,AZn was 2.08?11.44 mg/kg,ACu was 2.00?15.40 mg/kg.The coefficient of variance of the index was 13.49%?136.94%,and the maximum in AMn and the minimum in pH.In the soil of A layer,the pH was 5.47?8.28,the content of OM was 3.25?19.08 g/kg,AN was 18.75?147.49 mg/kg,AP was 0.88?58.33 mg/kg,AK was 31.91?104.92 mg/kg,ACa was 44.95?1037.64 mg/kg,AMg was 63.73?155.57 mg/kg,AFe was 19.53?344.36 mg/kg,AMn was 0.60?240.5 mg/kg,AZn was 0.56?11.01 mg/kg,ACu was 0.88?8.21 mg/kg.The coefficient of variance of the index was 11.35%?132.68%,and the maximum in AMn and the minimum in pH.The results of comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility showed that there ere abundant nutrients in soil tillage layer,and the soil fertility level reaches the fertility level.4 The correlation between quality indexes of ALRP and AR and soil nutrientsIn tin rhizosphere soil,the pH was 4.51?7.20,the content of OM was 17.15?39.35 g/kg,AN was 111.59?255.65 mg/kg,AP was 11.78?121.29 mg/kg,AK was 64.22?563.83 mg/kg,ACa was 97.79?595.84 mg/kg,AMg was 80.33?226.35 mg/kg,AFe was 69.01?437.62 mg/kg,AMn was 6.43?58.72 mg/kg,AZn was 1.58?11.01 mg/kg,ACu was 1.78?8.99 mg/kg.The coefficient of variance of the index was 12.16%?72.87%,and the maximum in AMn and the minimum in pH.The interaction between soil nutrients and quality indicators of ALRP and AR was studied by correlation analysis,stepwise regression analysis and path analysis.The pH,AK,AMg,AMn and AZn had a great effect in chemical contents in ALRP,and the pH,OM,AP,AMn,AZn and ACu had a great effect in chemical contents in ARP.The pH AMn and AZn had great effect in the chemical constituents of ALRP and AR.5 The appropriate producing area analysis index of ALRP and ARBased on the yield,quality and soil fertility characteristics of ALRP and AR,the appropriate producing area analysis index(APAAI)was established by triangular area method.Under the same soil environment,the yield and quality of ALRP and AR differ greatly.The high quality and high yield of ALRP could be get when the nutrient contents in rhizosphere soil with pH in 5.04?6.27,OM in 17.15?39.12 g/kg,AN in 122.09?224.78 mg/kg,AP in 32.41?61.75 mg/kg,AK in 156.32?286.11 mg/kg,ACa in 110.79?304.89 mg/kg,AMg in 92.62?149.14 mg/kg,AFe in 206.61?351.21 mg/kgAMn in 6.57?52.83 mg/kg,AZn in 3.28?5.61 mg/kg,and ACu in 1.78?6.41mg/kg.The high quality and high yield of AR could be get when the nutrient contents in rhizosphere soil with pH in 6.08?7.2,OM in 20.54?23.85 g/kg,AN in 111.59?158.38 mg/kg,AP in 26.67?42.5 mg/kg,AK in 115.24?422.58 mg/kg,ACa in 387.72?595.84 mg/kg,AMg in 168.95?226.35 mg/kg,AFe in 153.5?333.92 mg/kg,AMn in 17.68?58.72 mg/kg,AZn in 3.99?10.54 mg/kg,and ACu in5.53?7.45 mg/kg.In summary,under the same climate,the contents of each index component of ALRP and AR planted in different plots were different,and there was a greater effect in ALRP.The X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints established could be used for the entireness evaluation in ALRP and AR.There ere abundant nutrients in soil tillage layer,and the soil fertility level reaches the fertility level.The fertility of rhizosphere soil was comparable to that of tillage layer,and the soil fertility level also reaches the fertility level.The pH AMn and AZn had great effect in the chemical constituents of ALRP and AR.The establishment of APAAI can provide scientific basis for site selection and demonstration planning of GAP base for medicinal materials. |
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