| To construct Chinese local life ethics,it's necessary to interpret and reconstruct the excellent life ethical tradition in Chinese traditional culture.Firstly,to confirm the theoretical base.On the base of reference of Engelhart's transcendental "moral tradition" and Marxist "practical rational standard",the paper affords a"four-dimensional structure" ideal model of life ethics and takes it as the base of interpretation and construction.The model contains natural life system,culture life system,moral tradition and theory criterion of nonlinear and complexity,the cases of systematic internal choice and external selection.The natural life system denotes all of the individual life which contains the individual form of human and non-human animals and plants.Culture life system refers to the life culture of the physical life formation which contains the life collective form of family life,social life,country life and cosmos or natural life,which exist by the visible and invisible mark in people mind of organizational structure relationship as consciousness,legal system,utensils and conventions affecting behavior and decision-making.Moral tradition is the historical criterion of "cultural inheritance".The scientific theory criterion of nonlinear and complexity includes the understanding and knowledge and the analytic methods of dissipative structure,synergetics and super circulation.The cases of systematic internal choice and external selection constitute together the theoretical evaluation system.This system is an ideal model to review Chinese life ethical tradition.It has particularly valuable to connect the past and modern times,realize the mixture of thoughts,methods and theory in ancient and contemporary times.Secondly,taking the ideal model as a recognitive model and thinking way,the paper investigates Chinese ancient traditional culture,finds and reviews the traditional thoughts of Chinese life ethic,and preliminary accomplishes the summarization of life ethical tradition thoughts.(1)The life ethical thought has the characteristics of the ideas such as "Food is the first necessity of the people","Reproduction is Good",etc.,and the consanguinity and patriarchal clan system of "family-country life integration"maintained by "filial piety" and "virtue" in the period from primitive society to the Xizhou Dynasty.(2)In Spring-autumn and Warring States period,Chinese ancient life ethical tradition came into being.Thinkers of Confucianism,Taoism,Legalism and Mohism put forward the ideas of "the Way of Unceasing Generation of the Universe","the benevolence of Unceasing Generation of the Universe","the lifeblood of governing country lies in enriching the people"and "Right of earning one's living is inalienable",etc..(3)Life ethic from Qin to Tang dynasty developed greatly and appeared a situation of a hundred flowers blossoming together.The foundation of the traditional Chinese medicine highlights the life ethical ideas and life moral culture such as the spirits of"Preventive treatment of diseases" and the "Great doctor must be absolute sincere".The book of Rites firstly combined human sympathy,human righteousness with human benefit,human suffering to make physiology and psychology analysis.It laid the foundation for restricting human desire and then maintaining family-country life health.Lu Jia and Jia Yi's "People are the root of generation after generation",Lvshi Chunqiu's"Complying with the people wishes is do justice and righteousness",Taiping Book's dream of peaceful and prosper time,Ge Hong's "Nature has it's fate","Settle down on what one is good at".Besides,the life ethical tradition of "health preservation and life settling" has formed.Tao Hongjing,Ji Kang,Sun Simiao are typical representatives.(4)The life ethical thought in the period from the Song to Qing Dynasty deepened the connection and difference of "Self-preservation" and "Sacrifice for justice",and prominently expanded the extent of life concern and life responsibility of the benevolent,such as "People are my brothers and all things are my kinds","Benevolent is with the universe as a whole",etc.(5)The life ethical thinking in Chinese Buddhism displays on the elaborations of "the theory of the Dhamma-dhatu origin" and universe integrity.The views of "Equality for all","Sukhavati feelings","Nirvana dream","Vegetarian" and"Free captive animals" physically,especially the sukkha world state,the Avijja attitude and the Hades routine of six metempsychosis affords special thought experiments and Buddhahood training.To modernize the aforementioned Chinese life ethical tradition,it is necessary to put the typical issues of public life understanding nowadays into Chinese life ethical tradition to explain and demonstrate.Life origins from "the Way of Unceasing Generation of the Universe" and stops on the natural way.Suicide not only betrays family,but also deviates from the principle of "Natural will could not be violate".Hospice should really realize to resign oneself to fate.Cruelty to animals does evil.Anyone should not do it.Liu Haiyang's "Bear injury incident",in the final analysis,is lack of the feeling in the same way.Phenomena of damaging life mutually between classmates is essentially human alienation which lacks of Confucianist way of conduct oneself.Reproduction technology,give birth to control,human gene group translated,organ transplant?experiment of human body?die to control,and so on.It's relational question between these life sciences and technologies and human body life.They embody the reality which make use of life sciences and technologies to intervene natural life process.It is proposal the point,that is,nature knows best,only when we have to do,to the best of one's abilities.Chinese life ethical tradition contains not only the attitudes to individual life above mentioned,but the ideas of treating collective life.Firstly,for the healthy development of family life,it advocates:(1)Breeding is Good.(2)To guarantee the labourers labor is the base and premise.(3)Advocating filial piety is the key.Secondly,for the the healthy development of country life,it considers:(1)The base is carrying on and promoting the fine life ethical tradition of Confucianism.(2)popularity is root.(3)the laws necessarily abide by and the laws strictly enforced are great things.To maintain country dignity and personality is the core.Thirdly,the healthy development ideas of universal or natural life thinks Lao Zi's "Dao" cosmology of generative theory has important modern value.(1)It affords a vital theory model to recognize totally the universal or natural life.(2)It is not equal to the natural life.It is the general law for all the generated.(3)It is the way of "Nature knows best".It requests people respect and reverent for nature.And then,as to the different thoughts and theory paradigm of Chinese life ethical tradition,we divide it into ten top life moral communities,they are "family-country life as one","Dao follows Nature","Rule by law","Benevolence and righteousness","Preventive treatment of disease","psychosomatic analysis","People oriented","Respect nature","People are my brothers and all things are my kinds" and "Nourish and quiet life".The position of reconstruction Chinese life ethical tradition not only adapts the country strategy and significant demand of "public life culture construction" in the new era of opening ecological civilization of Chinese characteristic socialism,but also learns and converging the related academic points of view at home and abroad.We summarize it as "One logic beginning,two foot stones"."One logic beginning" means that we treat the co-evolution of natural life order of"the Way of Unceasing Generation of the Universe" and cultural life order of "the benevolence of Unceasing Generation of the Universe" as the starting point,argument basis,evaluation criterion and the final goal.It is different in three aspects from current normative life ethics which popularly proposes in our country for purposes and a home to return to solving problems,is life virtue ethics for purposes to "conduct oneself".If it went to depart from Chinese excellent life ethical tradition,it not only to stand out the instrument values of the ethics,ignores or neglects its intrinsic values,it is imperfection.This is our original idea for ethics to construct Chinese life ethical tradition."Two foot stones" are life moral philosophy and life ethics which consist of the systematic structural position of Chines life ethics.On the level of life moral philosophy,we explore life world outlook,life values,life right view and life interests,advocate that one should know dignity,let life be itself and obey fate;the inherent value of natural life decides the intrinsic value of cultural life;anyone has its right to pursuit life quality,healthy living and happy life;it's necessary to guarantee the primary interests of life and social development,resist the interests of luxury demands,and ensure the equal medical condition,medical opportunity as well as the basic medical interests.In the aspect of research on the orientation of life morality,we put forward a basic framework and some basic principles such as "filial piety and fraternal duty","three cardinal guides and five constant virtues","benevolence and righteousness" and"absolute sincerity of grand medical master".In the aspect of basic category,we propose some concepts as moral considerations,the importance of life morality,life expiration,human naturality and culturality,natural life and cultural life,natural life order and cultural life order.In the aspect of positioning the basic life moral norms,we put forward the position of promoting the reform of medical reform,which is characterized by "social justice of life" and "medical justice".In the relationship between science as well as technology and life,we put forward the proposals such as "function of science and technology assisting life","respect for life,for patients and their family choices and superior decisions",and "to take into account the risk uncertainty,responsibilities and exemption clauses".In the aspect of work,life and leisure norms positioning,we put forward the ideas of appropriate work,wise self-preservation,healthy living and appropriate leisure and other points of view.In the formulation of health care and health norms of the positioning,we put forward to pay attention to the "small body of the human body is the root cause of trouble" who should includes the combination of static and dynamic,abstinent contentment of the life pulsation principle,we think one should distinguish between the internal and the external objects,and advocate the life is weakChinese life ethics is different from current normative life ethics which popularly proposes in our country for purpose and a home to return to solve problems.It's a virtue life ethics whose goal is to conduct oneself.If it went to depart from Chinese excellent life ethical tradition,it will only stand out the instrument values of the ethics,but ignore or neglect its intrinsic values.So it is imperfection.This is our original idea for reconstructing Chinese local life ethical tradition. |
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