Research On The Effect Of Different Respiratory Patterns On Cardiovascular Autonomic Nervous Function In Patients With Essential Hypertension

Objective: Research the effects of different respiratory patterns（frequency,rhythm and pause）on cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in patients with essential hypertension,and try to find the optimal respiratory pattern and apply it to the 12 weeks exercise in order to provide specific respiratory patterns for preventing and improving essential hypertension,and provide theoretical basis for formulating traditional exercise respiratory prescriptions.Methods:（1）Research on optimizing respiratory patterns: Select 34 female patient aged 55 to 65 years with essential hypertension,and the cardiovascular reflex test was used to determine that the disease was caused by sympathetic hyperactivity.Test heart rate variability,blood pressure,blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity in the process of “respiratory phase”（natural respiration one to reverse abdominal respiration to natural respiration two）during the change of “respiratory pattern”（seven frequencies,and four rhythms at optimal frequency,and three pauses at optimal rhythm）.（2）The 12-weeks intervention research: 69 patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into the group of non-requirement of respiratory patterns（Z）,eight times per minute group（Z8）,and optimized respiratory pattern group（Z6J）,and practice 12 weeks of Yang Sheng Zhu Ji Gong,which is four times a week and thirty minutes once.Test HRV,BP,BPV and BRS before and after the experiment.（3）Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the interaction between "respiratory phase" and "respiratory pattern".Pearson correlation was uesd to analyze the indicators that affect ANS function.One-Way ANOVA was used for the differences between the 12-week intervention study groups,and Paired Sample T-Test was used for differences within the groups.Results:（First）There were significantly different in the effects of the interaction between "respiratory phase" and "respiratory frequency" on HRV（except LF/HF）,SBP,SBPSD,SBPCV and BRSup（P<0.05）.1.Compared with natural respiration one:（1）From nine to eleven times per minute,there is no significant difference in each index（P>0.05）.From five to eight times per minute,HRV and BRSup weresignificantly increased,and then SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.（2）After six times per minute,HRV and BRSup of natural respiration 2 still were significantly increased,and SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.After five times per minute,SDNN,TP and LF of the natural respiration 2 were significantly increased（P<0.05）.2.Compared with different frequencies: Compared with eight times per minute,the HRV time domain,HF and BRSup of seven and six times per minute were significantly increased,and SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly reduced,and SDNN,TP and LF of six and five times per minute were significantly increased（P<0.05）.Compared with seven times per minute,HRV time domain,TP,HF and BRSup of six times per minute were significantly increased,and SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly decreased,and RMSSD,HF and BRSup of five times per minute were significantly decreased,and SDNN,LF,SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly increased（P<0.05）.Compared with six times per minute,RMSSD,PNN50,HF and BRSup of five times per minute were significantly reduced,and SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly increased（P<0.05）.3.Pearson correlation analysis（CI=95%）found that:RMMSD,HF and BRSup were highly and negatively correlated with SBP and SBPCV（all r<-0.8,P<0.001）.（Second）The effects of the "respiratory phase" and "respiratory rhythm" on HRV（except LF/HF）,SBP,SBPSD,SBPCV and BRSup were significantly different（P<0.05）.1.Compared with natural respiration 1:（1）Except for "inhale 7 seconds and exhale 3 seconds",HRV and BRSup of other rhythms were significantly increased,and SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.（2）After rhythm of "inhale short and exhale long",HRV time domain,TP,HF and BRSup of natural respiration 2 were still significantly increased,and SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.After "inhale 7 seconds and exhale 3seconds",the LF of natural respiration 2 was significantly increased（P<0.05）.2.Compared between different rhythms: effects on SDNN,RMMSD,PNN50,HF and BRSup: "inhale 3 seconds and exhale 7 seconds" was significantly higher than other rhythms,and "inhale 4 seconds and exhale 6 seconds" was significantly higher than "inhale 7 seconds and exhale 3 seconds"（P<0.05）.Effects on SBP,SBPSD andSBPCV: "inhale 3 seconds and exhale 7 seconds" was significantly lower than other rhythms,and "inhale 4 seconds and exhale 6 seconds" was significantly lower than "inhale 7 seconds and exhale 3 seconds"（P<0.05）.The TP of "inhale 3 seconds and exhale 7 seconds" was significantly higher than other rhythms except "inhale 7seconds and exhale 3 seconds".The LF of "inhale 7 seconds and exhale 3 seconds" was significantly higher than other rhythms（P<0.05）.3.Pearson correlation analysis（CI=95%）found that: RMMSD,HF,BRSup were highly negatively correlated with SBP and SBPCV（all r<-0.8,P<0.001）.（Third）The interaction between "respiratory phase" and "respiratory pause" was not significantly different,and the main effect of "respiratory pause" was not significantly different（P>0.05）,and the main effect of "respiratory phase" was significantly different（P<0.05）and except MAP,DBPCV and BRSdown.（Fourth）12-weeks intervention research:（1）Compared with before the experiment: after the experiment,the HRV time domain,TP,HF and BRSup were significantly increased in each group,and SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly reduced（P<0.05）,and LF,LF/HF,DBP,DBPSD and DBPCV of only the Z6 J group were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.（2）Compared between groups:HRV time domain,TP,HF and BRSup of the Z6 J group were significantly higher than the other two groups,and LF LF/HF,SBP,SBPSD and SBPCV were significantly lower than the other two groups（P<0.05）,and DBP,DBPSD and DBPCV of the Z6 J group were significantly lower than the Z group（P<0.05）.Conclusions:（1）The effect of different respiratory frequencies on cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in patients with essential hypertension is that there are effective frequency interval（five to eight times per minute）,and optimized frequency（six times per minute）and ineffective frequency interval（nine to eleven times per minute）.（2）The reverse abdominal respiration of six times per minute and "inhale 3seconds and exhale 7 seconds" is the optimized respiration pattern.（3）The 12-weeks of Yang Sheng Zhu Ji Gong exercises with optimized respiration pattern can significantly improve cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in patients with essential hypertension,and the effect is significantly better than the groups of Z and Z8.