The Basic Probiems Research On Administrative Obligation-imposed System In Song Dynasty

Administrative obligation-imposed system in Song Dynasty, is an important content of the political and legal system history, which also is an overlapping problem in history study, political, administrative, management science research. It does not form a special realm until now, for frailty of the research on modern obligation-imposed system construction and correlation research, although there has related positive results about management of government officials and the political and legal system in Song Dynasty from 1980s.The development of administrative obligation-imposed system in Song Dynasty, which giving aboundent and regular historical materials, especially laws and politics, enable this research possible. In fact, it changed deeply and developed tremendously in Song Dynasty, such as, the responsibility and investigated was used in the administration extensively, the related laws and regulations became rich gradually, the function of "Che"(one of documents about laws in Song Dynasty) was strengthened step by step, and the method of administrative obligation-imposed system came to full development, especially basic contents and methods, which indicated a new development in Song Dynasty. Surely, it was also in the times of method replacing responsibility. Investigating responsibility of government officials was based on restraining separating powers, which was inevitable the product of the despotic centralization, and obviously different from modern system.But the ways and means of it were systematic and distinguished, forming the responsibility form and method, which was characterized by limiting body freedom and depriving or demoting officials and economic punishment as the main content. In the meantime, it shielded officials’privilege and benefits by demoting officials’duty, to guaranteeing government work regularly by combining with criminal punishment. Based on the development of administration and the laws of administration, there were many types of systems in choosing officials, finance and tax revenue, agriculture, water conservancy, property management, judicature, military affairs, religion and diplomacy, and so on. The responsibility of choosing officials were produced in imperial examinations, recommending officials, "Kao Ke" and "Mo Kan". Imperial Examinations involved in electing scholar-officials and government officials. The principle of recommending officials was implication in punishment. "Kao Ke" and "Mo Kan" influenced officials’ promotion.The method of recommending officials had relations with official promotion, it was the result of importance of officials’function. In ancient time, choosing government officials involved many fields, which was a comprehensive administrative process. The responsibility of choosing officials not only was special, but universal. So it was the foundation of administrative obligation-imposed system, also was the basic problem of research. That was an important significance in research in Song Dynasty going a step further.