| Based on previous research and the great amount of data collected from the countryside, A Study of Special Vocabulary of Khorchin Dialect in Mongolian explores the social, cultural and historical background and the tendency of development by employing the comprehensive use of social linguistics, cultural linguistics as well as historical comparative linguistics.This thesis is composed of the introduction part, the body part and the conclusion part. The introduction mainly illustrates the significance and purpose of the study, theories applied in this thesis as well as the previous research at home and abroad. The specific contents are following.Specifically speaking, it begins with an introduction of social and historical background in which the special vocabulary of Khorchin dialect comes into being. That is, this part starts from the formation and evolution of Khorchin tribes and local dialect, stating the social and cultural background of it. In addition, it introduces the precious research domestically and internationally.Second, it introduces the purpose and significance of the thesis. Special words in Khorchin dialect refer to the words that are not used in common language, or even if they are used in it, they have totally different meanings; and the words that are not universally used in other dialects. However, the special words in Khorchin dialect are used widely in local dialect zone and have the same meaning but rarely seen in other dialects.The research of special words in Khorchin dialect is of great significance in theory. Dialect features are not only in phoneme but also in lexicon, and the study of special words is actually a comparative study, which includes synchronic study and diachronic study. Synchronic study refers to the comparison between the common language and dialect, Khorchin dialect and the other dialects; diachronic study refers to the comparison between Khorchin dialect and the languages in different historical periods. The comparative study is of great importance in studying the evolution of lexicon and the interaction between common language and dialects. The study of special words in Khorchin dialect is also of great significance in many aspects in application. It is incomplete to distinguish different dialects only on the basis of phoneme. However, with the comparison of special words, it can be made very clear of the differences of various dialect areas and of the relationship between different dialects and common language. Through the study of special words in Khorchin dialect, a further knowledge of Khorchin tribe's unique social, historical and cultural backgrounds can be gained. It is obvious that the study of special words in Khorchin dialect is an important topic for the study of both Mongolian linguistic theories and Mongolian linguistic application.In This thesis, a comprehensive methodology, such as comparative method, fieldwork and comprehensive method, is applied. Comparative method is the basic logical method for scientific discovery, which is considered by linguists to be an effective method. Firstly, a historical comparative linguistic method is applied to study the ancient words in Khorchin dialect synchronically, and to confirm the special words in Khorchin dialect diachronically, thus discussing the word's origin and its unique social, cultural and historical background in further study.Secondly, a comprehensive method, which means the cross use of multidisciplinary theories and methods, is also applied in the thesis. This Thesis conforms and further studies special words in Khorchin dialect as well as their origins and their social, cultural and historical backgrounds. This thesis is devoted to interpreting special words in Khorchin dialect from multi-perspectives through the cross use of theories from cultural linguistics, religion, cognitive linguistics, and historical linguistics, aiming to broad the sight and get a new view of the study of special words in Khorchin dialect.The body of the thesis consists of four chapters, namely, Special Words in Khorchin Dialect and Bibliography, Special Words in Khorchin Dialect and Cultural Changes, Special Words in Khorchin Dialect and Cultural Communication and Special Words in Khorchin Dialect and Integration with Other Dialects.The first chapter, Special Words in Khorchin Dialect Bibliography, researches the ancient words of Khorchin dialect and discusses the value of the study of ancient words based on such Medieval Mongolian Literature and materials on Modern Mongolian and its dialect as The Secret History of the Mongols, Hua-i i-yu and etc..The first section discusses the value of the study of ancient words in Khorchin dialect. Ancient words refer to the words in current use, which are recorded in literature and ancient Mongolian bearing the similar features in phonemic and grammatical forms. The study of special words in Khorchin dialect provides very important evidence for the study of the history of Mongolian language, the internal differences of dialect.The second section makes an etymology textual research on the ancient words of Khorchin dialect based on The Secret History of the Mongols and such Medieval Mongolian literature and materials on modern Mongolian and its dialect as Chih-yuan i-yu, Hua-ii-yu and so on so forth. Khorchin dialect contains many ancient words, but not all of them are described or studied in the current study. It studies the evolved words from the perspective of regional culture, through which it reveals the spiritual and psychological of Khorqin. Moreover, it can further deepen the Mongolian etymology. Besides, most of the reserved ancient words in the Khorchin dialects are basic vocabularies; therefore, medieval Mongolian literature language has a close tie with the Khorchin dialect.The third section expounds that ancient words in Khorchin dialect preserve not only the medieval Mongolian phonetic features and phonetic change characteristics but also the ancient meanings. The second chapter, Special Words in Khorchin Dialect and Culture Changes, discusses the social, historical and cultural background of the formation of some kinds of special words in Khorqin dialect from the perspective of the cultural changes.The first section mainly describes the relation Khorchin dialect has with farming culture, hunting culture and shamanistic culture, and explores the causes of special words in Khorchin dialect and so on.The second section investigates and analyzes the special words in Khorchin dialect from the angle of social history and culture, focused on the relation between the farming culture and the special words in Khorchin dialect and the social historical and cultural background of special words with differences. Dialect is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a social cultural phenomenon. The formation of the special words in Khorchin dialect is multifarious. Among the factors which cause the diversity, changes of social life and economic and cultural transformation are the important reasons that cannot be ignored. Also, the culture transformation from animal husbandry to agriculture has a profound effect on the generation of the special words in Khorchin dialect.The third section elaborates on the characteristics of the kinsfolk appellation in Khorchin dialect and probes into the special kinsfolk appellation in Khorchin dialect and its rich social and cultural meanings.The fourth section presents the significance of studying names from the cultural aspect and discusses the cultural connotation and evolution of Khorchin names.The third chapter, The Characteristics of Khorchin Dialect and Its Contacts with Other Languages, mainly elaborates the relationship between the formation of the features of Khorqin dialect and its contact with Chinese and Manchu language. It also states that Chinese and Manchu language in Khorqin dialectThe first section is devoted to the fact that the formation of the characteristics of Khorchin dialect is in relation to the contact with Chinese and Manchu language.The second, third and the fourth parts give an elaborate account of the loan words in Khorchin dialect. The formation of Khorchin dialect is, historically, the result from the differentiation of Mongolian language. Simultaneously, it is under the influence of Manchu languages and Chinese in the process of development. Therefore, loan words have to be taken as a significant factor in the study of special words in Khorchin dialect. The loan words in Khorchin dialect mainly originate from Chinese, Manchu and Tibetan language, of which loan words from Han language account for vast majority. Vast amount of daily life language derives from Han language. With the development of the society and the passage of time, coupled with the deepening contact between Mongolian in Khorchin district and Han ethnic group, the Chinese loan words in Khorchin dialect has been increasing. However, certain amount of them is characteristic of unsteadiness, namely, some loan words especially the adjectives and verbs do not completely substitute the words originally coming from Khorchin dialect. The large amount introduction of Chinese propositional loan words imposes a profound impact on the lexical and semantic system of Khorchin dialect.The fourth chapter, The Specific Words of Khorchin Dialect and Its Contacts with Other Dialects, expounds that due to the large amount of Harqin Tumd dialect speakers living in the Khorchin district, their language promoted and enriched Khorchin dialect.The first section puts forward that due to the large amount of Harqin Tumd dialect speakers living in the Khorchin district, their language produces an effect on the Khorchin dialect.The second section expounds that Harqin Tumd dialect together with the contact with other dialects promote the evolvement of Khorchin dialect.The third section makes a point that the Harqin Tumd dialect coupled with the contact with other dialects enriched the vocabulary of Khorchin dialect. The conclusion part is devoted to the concisely summarized research findings, and brings forward the conclusion of this study. The conclusion is that many special ancient words, special differences words, special relatives appellation terms, special names and loanwords exist in khorqin dialect, and that they are produced under their own social, historical and cultural background. This study employs the comparison of diachronic and synchronic studies, together with sociolinguistic and cultural linguistic research methods to give a comprehensive study of the special words in Khorchin dialect, breaking away from the descriptive convention, and putting forward unique insight of textual research on archaic words, analysis of culture-loaded words, person's names, appellation of relatives and exploration of loan words. |
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