The Historic Studies On Parts Of Speech In Korean

Classify the parts of speech begins by Yoo Gil-joon(1897), in the earlier century there come lots of classification system in Korean. Before the division of the country, the studies on parts of speech takes a great part of the grammar. It shows lots of different system in the parts of speech, and 20 kinds of word class were established in Korean.After the division, the South Korea press a draft for unified grammar in 1963, the classification of the parts of speech was standardized until 1980s. With the introduction of the generative grammar, the studies on the each word class became active. Under the effect of the materialistic philosophy, the North Korea put a great deal of effort to establish the standard grammar in 1950s. The 8 system of the parts of speech became established. the Koreanology scholar in China follow the grammar system of the North Korea until 1970s. With the reform and opening up, they learn the overseas trends, and developed grammar system on its own.This paper make a research on the 150 grammar books which were published in the South Korea, the North Korea and China. It divides the last century into 5 stage, contemplate the feature of word class system in each stage, the definition and classification of each word class, and discuss the issues in the parts of speech in Korean. The fact that this paper sheds light on the studies on the parts of speech during the last century, is of great significance.In chapter 2, this paper discussed the meaning of the study, the development of the word class'definition, classification in each stage, review of the word's definition. This paper describe the study on the parts of speech during the last century by diachronic method, and clarify the pedigree of the scholars. This paper also clarifies that the object of the parts of speech is "lexical word", excludes the particle and endings.In chapter 3, this paper discussed the uninflected word, that is noun, pronoun and numeral. It clarifies the development of their name, definition and classification. It also clarifies the bound noun, reflexive pronoun, the third person pronoun, interrogative pronoun and numeral determiner.In chapter 4, this paper discussed the predicate, that is verb and adjective. It clarifies the development of their name, definition and classification. It also clarifies whether to set up the infix and the copula in Korean. This paper says it needs to set up the infix, but the copula is hard to interpret in Korean. The paper also discussed the passive and causative verb, ergative verb, and the intransitive use case of some adjective words.In chapter 5, this paper discussed the determiner, adverb and interjection. It clarifies the development of their name, definition and classification. It also clarifies difference between determiner and prefix, onomatopoeic and mimetic word, conjunctive adverb, amount verb etc.In chapter 6, this paper finish up all the discussions, and suggest the parts of speech system, which is according with the feature of Korean language. The system applies the 3 standards of classification, that is form, function and meaning in order. The system is made up with noun, pronoun, numeral, verb, adjective, infix, determiner, adverb and interjection.The parts of speech is the most important parts of grammar in the traditional grammar period, with the introduction of the phrase-structure grammar and generative grammar, its status became lower and lower. However, the parts of speech is the basic category in the grammar, and it is also important in theoretical level as long as practical level. I hope this paper will be of help in vitalizing the study of the parts of speech.