Research On General Election Of Jiangsu Province From 1953 To 1954

The first national universal suffrage in New China is an important prerequisite for the establishment of the People's Congress System.Previous research,mainly focuses on the discussion and the political mobilization process of the election,and less on the relationship between the land reform,the suppression of counterrevolutionaries,"three evils",other previous political movements and a series of policies of the CCP in the transition period from new democratic society to the socialist society,and to observe and study the specific circumstances of the implementation of the central inspection policy in the local election.This study mainly discusses on the complicated political situation,the central authorities on the implementation in Jiangsu general election vote,and I will·have addressed myself to the historic status of the first general election in New China.To implement of universal suffrage,held in the people's Congress and elect the government is the established political target of the CCP.The central idea was to hold the second plenary session of the people's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)between the spring and summer of 1953,and to postpone the National People's Congress until three years later.The immediate reason for the final decision to implement universal suffrage in 1953,on the one hand,resulted in the first session of the CPPCC National Committee will expire soon,on the other hand,Stalin's proposal further contributed to the decision of the Central Committee on the implementation of universal suffrage in 1953.The core of universal suffrage is people's democracy.The requirements of the national grassroots elections must be based on thorough mobilization,attracting voters consciously geothermal strongly participate in the election,but there was a huge gap between the attitude of the masses to the general election and the expectation of the central government.The farmers,workers and the scientific community were not concerned about their voting rights.The bourgeoisie and the democrats did not believe it to be democratic,and the cadres at the grass-roots level was only waiting for resignation.On the contrary,the landlords and the counter revolutionaries without the voting rights,showed solicitude for the election,but the people disinterested in it.To this end,the common people were aroused to take active part in the election by extensive and thorough mobilization,and the voters in the election reached a high proportion of the electorate.Local election movement was a implementation of the principle of universal suffrage by the central government.At the beginning of the announcement of the election law,the central committee declared that the general election of the new regime was different from the elections since the late Qing Dynasty,and it was also different from the elections of the bourgeoisie in the United States and Europe,and the universal suffrage was a democratic movement among the people.However,in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic,the political situation was complicated,and the policy of democratic election was skewed,when it was implemented.On the right to vote,the central intention is to deprived landlords,counter revolutionaries voting rights,but the deprivation ratio should be not too large,so as to match to the democracy nature of universal suffrage movement.The examination of voting qualifications was made complicated by the historical issues of the agrarian reform and the suppressing counter-revolutionaries movements.When the local cadres were handling the problems of the landowners and counter-revolutionaries' political rights,they usually concentrated on search for the neglected landlords and the escaped counter-revolutionaries,and caused the confusion of the second agrarian reform and the second suppressing counter-revolutionaries.To bridge the gap between the central policy and local election tension,avoiding social fluctuation and confusion,Jiangsu Provincial Party committee proposed that all the determine of the qualification of voters should be carried out according to the conclusion by the previous political movements,and any attempt to reclassified the landlords and pressing for the political materials of the counter-revolutionaries would be not permitted.The policies of the landlords' election in the new Liberated Areas were different from those in the old Liberated Areas."The land reform in the new area has not been completed for five years,and it generally does not involve the landlord's change of constituents and the right to vote.The landlords who had been judged during the land reform would be entitled to obtain the rights to vote,but their landownership and property would not be compensated.Individual landlords are deprived of their right to vote in general elections,and their land and property should be disposed after the general election.The rich peasants have the rights to vote and to be elected,but the old rich peasants' voting rights in the old Liberated Areas should be identified and distinguished in accordance with the State Council Decision on the Determination of Class Status in the Rural Areas in 1950.The land reform in the old Liberated Areas had been more than five years,it is not necessary to conduct the problems of the leakage designated host.Both handling the problems of the error landlords classification in new Liberated Areas and changing the status of the landowners in old Liberated Areas should be restricted to be settled as a special case.The labouring people who had been identified mistakenly in the movements of the land reform should be corrected and be given the voting rights.The election of whom represents the character of the political power of the people's democratic dictatorship and a series of policies of the CCP and the state during the transition period.The general election in batches shows the characteristics of stages,and the criterion of the representative had been raised since the Party's policy of state monopoly for the purchase and marketing of grain was implemented in October of 1953.Activists in the mutual cooperation and others who believed in and practiced socialist values were nominated for the candidates of the People's congress,and the rich peasants and businessmen boycott representative were replaced.The Central Committee has proposed that rural universal suffrage should be prevented from taking the rich peasant line,but should firmly consolidate the middle peasants and prevent the spontaneous forces of rural capitalism from being combined with the counter revolutionary plots of the landlords.In the rural areas to the elected representatives of the poor and middle peasants,rich peasants represent was only exceptional.Election meeting showing a picture of people in power history of the scene,ordinary people on the grassroots have the authority,all of these showed that the working people would be the master of their own affairs.but China is a country that lacks a long tradition of democracy,'democratic elections in other places were controlled by the selfish cadres to grass-roots level and the people.The election did not mean that the overall shift of the grass-root cadres.The.central government,East China Bureau and the Jiangsu provincial Party committee have all proposed that more than 80%of the cadres at the grass-roots level have been upgraded and won the election.The general election to deal with a group of cadres of lawlessness and mixed alien class elements of local government,the lifting of the rural society of the "new,bully rule",further pure grass-roots political organization.After the universal suffrage,the government accelerated the cooperation of agriculture and the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce.During the general election and a session of the National People's Congress meeting,a new kind of adjustment political system of Party and state leadership were established to strengthen the unified leadership between the central and the local government,according to the principle of democratic centralism of the party,and the basic form of the Communist Party of Chinese in national political life in the party and government leadership system laid a basic pattern for the relations between the party and the government in contemporary China.The people's Congress system has been established on the basis of universal suffrage,but the people's Congress system has undergone a tortuous course of development.On the background of the rising political movement against Right Deviation since the summer of 1955,the agricultural cooperation movement formed the rapid development of the tide,at the same time,the political line of the party leftist tendency has become increasingly prominent,undermines the democratic discussion and realistic style within the CCP.With the gradual spread of leftist mistakes,the people's Congress system of universal suffrage has been destroyed.The turning point was marked by the Third Plenary Session of our Party's Eleventh Central Committee,which defined a series of new principles and policies.China's Electoral System has been restored,reformed and constantly improved.