A Study On Avalokitesvara Iconography In Kingdom Of Nanzhao-Dali

Avalokitesvara is responsible for salvation in the buddhist divinities and basically Avalokitesvara belief is wide spread in the area of Mahayana.Kingdom of Nanzhao-Dali famous for its reputation as the buddhist wonderland and the head of Nanzhao-Dali governed the land with Buddhism.People here especially worship Avalokitesvara and moulded a lot of Avalokitesvara iconography.Then a unique Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara iconography and faith appeared and spreaded in Nanzhao-Dali area.Many scholars focus on A'cuoye Avalokitesvara.This article aims on doing in-depth study of Nanzhao-Dali A'cuoye Avalokitesvara iconography from the angle of artistic anthropology through combing the existing of Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography resource.During Ming and Qing dynasties literature of Nanzhao-Dali was damaged seriously,so the lacking of relevant historical information make the complex A'cuoye Avalokitesvara believe in Nanzhao-Dali became a mystery.The significance of this paper is to through the research of Kingdom of Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography,investigation and contain the information of Avalokitesvara iconography represents,combination with related literature of the records and archaeological discoveries,tries to reduction of Kingdom of Nanzhao-Dali period of Avalokitesvara belief,to make objective evaluation of Avalokitesvara iconography of Nanzhao-Dali system,reduction of Nanzhao-Dali kingdom Avalokitesvara image's position in the history of Buddhism,the role in the spread of Buddhism,to review the possibility of the existence of Buddhism spread road south to preach,and belief in Avalokitesvara's impact on Bai society,culture and life.Re-study Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography by using the archaeological data and literature,through the historical documents and the present situation of the distribution of Avalokitesvara statue in Yunnan and the artistic style to divide period,regional distribution and types of Avalokitesvara iconography.Detailed analysis of several main of Avalokitesvara iconography.To explore the social causes and source of Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography around the constitute elements of Avalokitesvara iconography of a few key points:backlight,musical instruments,lotus throne.Take Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography as studying center and discuss the relationship between the Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography and the area surrounding.Trying to grasp Bai-social culture and religious beliefs hide in the Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography through careful thorough comparison research and thinking.Take A'cuoye Avalokitesvara as a representative of the Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography would be over generalize and isolate the A'cuoye Avalokitesvara from other Avalokitesvara iconographies.The academia focus on A'cuoye Avalokitesvara bring about the weak research on other Avalokitesvara iconographies,so Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography' position and the religious significance both in the Esoteric Buddhism and Exoteric Buddhism is one of the focus of the discussion.Combine with han-area,Tibetan,Indochina,India Avalokitesvara image,through from representation to the deep analysis of the connotation,read the uniqueness and complexity of Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography,southern way put forward new evidence to Buddhism,to re-examine the relationship between southern Buddhism and north road.Therefore,this article is divided into six parts to discuss the Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography.Firstly,I collated Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography that existing or unearthed in Nanzhao-Dali.I searched the Avalokitesvara iconography information from picture scroll,grotto statues,carved stone statues,bronze or golden Avalokitesvara statues and summarized Avalokitesvara's iconography from legends and literature.Rationally divided period and are classified base on its distributions and situation,type,distribution and statues to explicitly tell the difference between Esoteric Buddhism and Exoteric Buddhism's Avalokitesvara iconographies.Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconographies has many types and is complex.During its development,great evolution happened.Nevertheless there is a relatively clear context that take Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara as the main line in developing.Esoteric Buddhism Avalokitesvara and withy Avalokitesvara around the main line built a large system of Avalokitesvara,so it is necessary to do in-depth research in Fan-seng Avalokitesvara,A'cuoye Avalokitesvara,with Avalokitesvara to discuss the meaning and restore the statue of Avalokitesvara in the position of Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara system.The complexity of Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography rendering makes research must focus on the surrounding environment of Avalokitesvara iconography,is located in the perimeter of the Kingdom of Nanzhao-Dali of Han area,Tibetan,Indochina,there is a Avalokitesvara belief,with Han area and Tibetan evident,so for these areas Avalokitesvara statues are necessary.six parts research make Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography basic consideration to the overall presentation and detail analysis,pay attention to the Avalokitesvara iconography and Esoteric Buddhism iconography ritual,the differences and relations between environment and so on,to review the iconography of the Fan-seng Avalokitesvara and identity transformation.A'cuoye Avalokitesvara and the Fan-seng Avalokitesvara are the key to the performance of Nanzhao-Dali t'u zhuan which showed Avalokitesvara culture integration of Han area,India and Indochina and those were discussed in detail in this paper.Based on the research of the Avalokitesvara iconography,I think Yunnan is the foreland when Avalokitesvara iconography spreaded into Han area and is one of the most important aspects of the southern road of Buddhism.Avalokitesvara iconography spreaded to Yunnan first and then enter into the Han area while Han Avalokitesvara iconography returned to Yunnan through Bashu and caused profound influence on Nanzhao-Dali Avalokitesvara iconography.Bashu linked north and southern road.Nanzhao t'u zhuan reflects the complex movement of Avalokitesvara iconography in Nan-zhao period and shows that the fusion of foreign culture and local culture.Nan-chao's independent consciousness reflected strongly in the Nanzhao t'u zhuan.Kingdom of Ta li inherited the buddhist tradition from Kingdom of Nanzhao-Dali and especially emphasized the importance of Fan-seng Avalokitesvara.Zhang Sheng-wen long scroll painting both had obvious features of Esoteric Buddhism and also hided some obscure local elements.