The Cognitive Study On The Spatial Category In The Central Hmongb Dialect

The category of space is one of the most basic cognitive categories of human beings,and is a conceptual category that all languages in the world have.Space research is not only an important part of physical research,but also an unavoidable topic for philosophers,and also the focus of psychology research.With the application of cognitive psychology in linguistics,spatial category has become one of the hot topics in the field of grammar at home and abroad.Using the relevant theories and methods of cognitive psychology,the spatial category of Hmub language of central dialect is discussed and described in two parts in this paper: an introduction and individual cases.The introduction refers to Talmy and Levinson's research theories and methods on spatial relations,and divides the spatial relations of Hmub Language into two categories: angular and non-angular.The first chapter explores the angular spatial relationship(also called reference space)in Hmub language of central dialect.Firstly,the first section makes a comprehensive investigation of the spatial reference frame that may be involved in the expression of spatial relations in Hmub language,finding that there is no absolute spatial reference frame in Hmub language,and some concepts of absolute space are expressed in a roundabout way.Miao language uses three kinds of dynamic and relative frame of reference,namely environment center,object center and observation center,to describe spatial relations,which has as set of corresponding systematic expressions.Secondly,the spatial cognitive orientation of Hmub language speakers has a direct impact on their spatial expression coding pattern and usage.using the relevant theories and research methods of psychology and cognitive linguistics,the second section mainly analyze the spatial cognitive orientation of Hmub language from three aspects: the tendency of spatial reference selection,the attention to spatial orientation and the prominence of specific physical spatial attributes.The third section furtherly analyzes the semantic connotation of commonly used spatial expression in Hmub language,and explores the semantic parameters involved in spatial expressions,including time semantic parameters,social relationship semantic parameters and spatial character semantic parameters.The entry of semantic parameters also restricts the syntactic and semantic functions of spatial expressions,and can distinguish the spatial relations expressions under different forms.The second chapter makes a macroscopic study of the angle-free spatial relationship(also known as topographic space,i.e.a non-reference system without coordinate system)in Hmub language.The angular spatial relationship includes three categories: topology,place name and indication.The topological characteristics of spatial objects are the cognitive basis of topological relations between objects and the cognitive source of the formation of angular spatial orientation.Topology of space objects can be divided into three categories: linear,star,ring.The first section begins with the representation of these three types of topology in Hmub language.Based on this theory,the development of metaphors in the cognitive process of spatial location,spatial topology and spatial orientation is sorted out.and then with the help of topological space metaphor for the relationship between spatial orientation and further analysis,contact and facies types and their linguistic representations from the three kinds of topology relations.The topology system is an important part of the angle-free system.In the second section,the topology in Hmub language of central dialect is taken as the research object,and the spatial culture reflected by the toponymy is explored through the investigation of the word structure,the characters used in common names and the naming motivation.Deixis is a language system with complex semantic relations.The third section focuses on spatial deixis and sorts out the semantic relations among personal deixis,spatial deixis and temporal deixis as well as the metaphorical development relations in the cognitive process.The third,fourth and fifth chapters of this paper are the case analysis of spatial expression based on the theoretical and macroscopic nature of the introduction.The third chapter selects the words of Hmub language of central dialect as the spatial expression of the lexical level for a case study.The first section discusses the position of place words and their syntactic features by describing the relations and differences between locative words,place words and nouns.The second section firstly classifies the semantic types of special and location morphemes in Hmub language with examples,and elaborates on the process of the grammaticalization of three typical special and location affixes: qa1 creates,?u1 creates,k?3 creates.The third section chooses the place words na???t???and p?1in Hmub language with distinct national cultural color to carry on the cultural linguistic analysis,and explores the spatial cultural connotation of the three place words.Existential category is an important sub-category of spatial category,and its syntactic expression mainly involves existential sentence,locative sentence and the affiliated structures closely related to them.In chapter 4,the syntactic semantics of these three types of sentence structures are analyzed in details,and the differences and semantic relations among them are sorted out.The fifth chapter takes displacement verbs as the starting point to discuss the expression of displacement events in Hmub language of central dialect.In the first section,the lexicalization mode of displacement verbs,the path expression of displacement events and their physiognomy are analyzed in detail.In the second and third sections,the hot words "go" and "come" in grammar are selected as the research cases,and the multi-functional syntactic and semantic analysis is carried out.