How Does "to Conscience" Mean "teaching"

Conscience-oriented,as the common aim of Wang yangming and his disciples to cultivate and civilize the people by virtue,was an important link in the ideological history of the late Ming dynasty in the 16th century.How to explore the reasons of this transition?influence and its realization has become the key to grasp the true spirit of yangming's doctrine.From the Angle of academic differentiation,his disciple students revealed the universal significance of conscience-oriented education as the aim of teaching.In recent years,some scholars have made clear the meaning of humanistic religious,"morality is religion",from the perspective of practice of conscience-oriented,and other made explanations on the value shift of conscience-oriented from the perspective of political culture.So many perspectives point to a more fundamental question:why"conscience-oriented doctrine" can be thought?How is the function and significance of conscience-oriented education realized?Therefore,it is particularly important to grasp the inner basis and the value orientation of the conscience-oriented doctrine,according to the practice of Yang Ming and his disciples.As Yang Ming's aim of learning and the method of education,conscience-oriented doctrine is carried out in the moral activities with lecturing as the carrier and morality as the purpose.The reason why Yang Ming considered enlightenment as his lifelong ambition is that he wanted to reconstruct the path of Confucian moral education by coming up with the conscience-oriented doctrine.He find it difficult to realize the internalization of truth through Zhuzi's opinion,investigating things to end the truth.Yang Ming's road to sanctification turned to purify the subject's inner self.On the one hand,the noumenon of truth is put into the moral subject,so that the moral perfection is rooted in the inner nature of man.On the other hand,the inner nature of the subject becomes its own thing as well as acheives all things in moral practice and stands up for moral personality.Based on the principle that "mind is principle",the subject is identical with noumenon,Yangming turned the horizontal structure of Zhuzi's doctrine,knowledge first and action after,into a vertical system,knowledge-action unity.This is not only a correction of zhu zi's doctrine,but also an effective solution to the realization of learning from saint.The extension of innate knowledge was puting forward to make conscience settle in every fool's heart,by always knowing what is right and what is wrong.In this sense,teaching has become an important practice way for the Yangming school to settle down their spiritual life and achieve success in a moral way,and it is also a necessary way to re-open the Confucian education of Benevolence Depending on Oneself.In the practice of teaching and education,Yangming school gradually shifted from self-awareness to awaking the public.Therefore,the concern of Confucian scholar-officials since the Song dynasty has been transformed into enlightening people.As the concrete implementation of conscience-oriented doctrine,it has formed the successive stages of enlightenment under the different interpretations of Yangming school.From Wang longxi to Wang xinzhai,the public directly gained moral consciousness and sense of responsibility from nature awareness,which made the great order possible in the dimension of enlightenment.However,the disadvantages of ready-made conscience,which makes the inner basis of enlightenment lost in the mixture of perceptions and habits and the transcendence of enlightenment eliminated,are gradually revealed while conscience-oriented doctrine became popular all over the world.Facing the double pressure of Zhuzi school and political ecology in the late Ming dynasty,Yangming school failed to awaken people.The historical influence and the dilemma of conscience-oriented education reveal a fundamental problem--what is the internal basis and value direction that can support Yangming's doctrine?Conscience,as the moral reason,governs the life in ethical daily life.The way to conscience lies in the introspection,the awareness of the non-object subject.In this sense,the ready-made conscience is the appearance of the ontology of conscience in daily life.In the late years of Yangming's life,he considered the noumenon of conscience as the basis of the cultivation,and deemed going beyond the concrete good and evil in the moral practice,from "becoming good while eliminating evil" to "no good and no evil".Maintaining its value as enlightenment,therefore,conscience education becomes the keystone to reveal the function of conscience-oriented doctrine.Clearing the criteria of conscience-oriented doctrine,it is not only a reflection on the dilemma Yangming school faced,but also an answer to the question why conscience-oriented doctrine can be enlightenment.