Research On The Transformation Of The Military Administrative System And Local Governance In The Guizhou Province Of Ming Dynasty

From the perspective of historical geography,and through the theory and methods of national history,anthropology and other related disciplines,it explored the founding of State county and the Garrison Stations System,including military immigration,the Army Farming organizations and administrative area in the Ming Dynasty,analyzed the influence of the Garrison Stations System on the governance of the border areas,the relationship between the Garrison Stations,State county and Du-si,discussed the influence of the evolution of the local administrative system on the governance of minorities in the border areas,and showed the differences of local administration between the border and the Mainland.In the Yuan Dynasty,the region called Guizhou nowadays was brought into the jurisdiction area of Xing Sheng system,which was located in the adjacent gap zone of the three provinces,and mainly depended on the management of Tu-guan system.By the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the strategic position of Guizhou became more important,by enhancing the network of southwest frontier.In order to ensure the traffic safety and stability of the frontier,a large number of Garrison Stations were set up and then Du-si in Guizhou was set up later.Because Garrison Stations in Guizhou had real jurisdiction over a large number of population and cultivated land,with the duty of “taking charge of the land” and “governing the people”,the system had obvious administrative functions,so formed administrative district of military style.In order to to further strengthen border stability and local governance,Guizhou chief secretary was set up during the period of Yong Le in the Ming Dynasty.The new Fu government in guizhou was led by Du-si,forming the framework of special administrative division of Fu,state county and Magistrates have something better(Barbarians Magistrates).This kind of administrative system coexisted with Garrison Stations system which was independent of the administrative system of Fu,State County,forming a dual management system.The operation of the two systems of military and civilian had been constantly adjusted and adapted to each other.Garrison Stations system experienced the transformation from Garrison Stations to Jun-min-Zhihuishisi and then to Jun-min-Fu,and Du-si had been shifted from military management to state and county jurisdiction,and the governance of Du-si had gradually transformed to that of exchanged officers,expanding to administrative districts of State and County.In the end of Ming Dynasty,the War against the Rebellion in Bo Zhou and Tu An Rebellion had great effect on the administrative system in Guizhou so that Ping Yue,An Shun,Gui Yang and other Jun-min-Fu were established.As a geographical unit,Garrison Stations were still an effective way of governance so that Wei Yuan,Zhen Yuan,Fu Yong and other Garrison Stations had been set up sequentially.In the early Qing Dynasty,the dual management system of military and civilian gradually disappeared from the historical stage and formed the integrated administrative management system of Guizhou as Garrison Stations had been put into the jurisdiction of Province.In summary,the former Guizhou region in the Ming Dynasty,which was originally located in the border of the three provinces,had officially became an independent high-level administrative area.Different from other administrative units at the first level,the administrative system of Guizhou in the Ming Dynasty was more complicated.The establishment of dual management system of Garrison Stations system and state-county administrative system coexisted and interacted with a large number of special administrative districts,such as Xuan Wei Si,An Fu Si,Magistrates,etc.It provided a typical sample for us to explore the local administrative system and local governance in the Ming Dynasty,and provides some reference for the contemporary southwest frontier governance.