A Study Of Images Of Tombs In The Northern Dynasties, Sui And Tang Dynasties In Guyuan

Guyuan,known as Gaoping in the Northern Wei Dynasty and Yuanzhou District in the northern Zhou,Sui and Tang dynasties,is located in the southern part of the present Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and was the only place along the northern route of the Silk Road in ancient China.Since the middle of the 20th century,many historical and cultural relics have been discovered in Guyuan.Among these relics,the art relics of tombs of the northern dynasties,Sui and Tang dynasties have once attracted wide attention of scholars.Sun Ji,Yang Hong,Su Bai,Luo Feng and other famous scholars have done research,and achieved certain results.However,up to now,there is still a lack of overall research results on the art of tombs in the northern Guyuan,Sui and Tang dynasties.Therefore,this paper attempts to use the images in tombs as a starting point on the basis of previous research results,the images of tombs from the northern dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties in Guyuan were placed under a wide range of images from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang dynasties,in-depth analysis of the Northern Guyuan Dynasty Sui and Tang Dynasty tomb images of the evolution process and reflected behind the cultural interaction.This paper is divided into four chapters.Firstly,in the introduction,the object and significance,the present situation and aim,the train of thought and method,the innovation and deficiency are briefly explained.The first chapter is a study on the early burial images of northern dynasties in Guyuan.At present,only the lacquer coffin tomb of Northern Wei Dynasty in Guyuan is found in the early tombs of northern Guyuan,so this chapter only discusses the lacquer coffin tomb in Guyuan.The images in Guyuan's lacquered tomb are mainly those of feasting,hunting,filial children,decorative motifs,immortals and Buddhism painted on the lacquered leather of the wooden coffin.On the basis of the analysis of these images,the author makes a deep study of the images above and the images of Xianbei tombs in the early and middle periods of Pyongsong,the images of the murals of Goguryeo and the three swallows,and the images of the archaeological remains of Sasanian Empire,the relationship between the images of the tombs of the sixteen states in the Wei and Jin dynasties in Hexi and the images of the tombs of the Han ethnic group in the same period,the architectural bas-reliefs in Yungang Grottoes and the painted images.The second chapter is the study of the images of the late northern dynasties tombs in Guyuan.At present,there are mainly Li Xian Tomb,Tahiro Tomb and Yu Wen Meng Tomb in the late northern dynasty in Guyuan.The images of the three tombs are preserved in different degrees,among which the images of Li Xian's tomb are the most abundant and the most intact.Therefore,the discussion in this chapter centers on the image of Li Xian's tomb.At present,the images preserved in Li Xian's tomb include the Gate Tower,the Samurai and the jiyue attendants.First of all,the author has analyzed the contents of these images in the light of the archaeological report,and has examined and explained the identity of the Samurai,the instrument knives held by the Samurai,the names of the drums in the jiyue pictures,etc.,the evolution of the entrance building of the tomb from the Han Dynasty to the northern dynasty,the evolution of the images of armed guards in the tombs from the Han Dynasty to the Northern Wei Dynasty,the eastward spread of the small waist drum and its circulation in China are also discussed,according to the relevant archaeological data,this paper makes an investigation of the combination of musical instruments in the Jiyue map of Li Xian's tomb and the Jiyue map of his attendants.Finally,the author makes a brief mention of the image of Tahiro's tomb and that of Yuwen Meng's tomb.The third chapter,Guyuan Sui and Tang dynasties tomb image research.Ten tombs from the Sui and Tang dynasties in Guyuan have been found,including one from the Sui and nine from the Tang Dynasty.One of the tombs in Sui dynasty belongs to Shi sha-wu tomb,which belongs to the same clan as five tombs in Tang Dynasty:shi-dao-wu tomb,shi-ha-dan tomb,shi-dao-luo tomb,shi-suo-yan tomb and Shi-tie-bang Tomb,therefore,this chapter will be a Sui Tomb and five Tang tombs together to be discussed.In addition to the five cases in which the owner of the Tang tomb was a person surnamed Shi Sogdia,there were three cases in which M1401,87 M1,no epitaph and other related written records were found.According to the research of experts and scholars,they should be related to the SOGDIAN tombs in China during the Tang Dynasty,only M1401 and 82M2 have images,so this article only discusses the images in the tombs of these two people who are suspected to be surnamed Shi from Sogdia.Another of the nine Tang tombs is that of Liang Yuanzhen,the only Han tomb of the Sui and Tang dynasties in Guyuan.The discussion of this chapter is based on the images of the tombs of the SOGDIANS and the people suspected of surnamed Shi from Sogdia.Taken together,the images preserved in these tombs can be seen as the pictures of the Samurai,the characters of the Shihu,the ladies,the flowers and the gate tower,assoyan murals tomb Suzaku,Nanyuan Subdistrict,Guangzhou M1401 figures,basalt pictures,as well as a number of line carved images such as patterns,monsters and figures.The author first makes a brief analysis of the contents of these images combined with the archaeological report,and at the same time makes a textual research on the images of the figures on the north wall of the M1401 tomb in Nanyuan Subdistrict,Guangzhou,the circulation of these images in the tombs of northern Zhou,Sui and Tang dynasties is discussed.Finally,the author discusses the picture of Yuan Zhen's mural tomb in Tang dynasty:The old man under the tree,the ladies and their attendants,the sun,the moon,the stars and the figures with horses.The Fourth Chapter,North Guyuan Dynasty Sui and Tang Dynasty tomb images reflect the study of multicultural interaction.This Chapter First Combs and discusses the multi-cultural characteristics of the lacquer coffin tombs of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Guyuan and the social reasons for the formation of the multi-culture,secondly,it analyzes the fusion of hu-han culture and the cultural exchange between China and the West in the late northern dynasty from the two aspects of Li Xian's tomb in the northern Zhou Dynasty,finally,the paper discusses the sinicization of Sogdia burial culture reflected by the images of Sogdia burials in the history of Guyuan.