Research On Deleuze's Eco-critical Theory Of Capitalism

Criticism of capitalist ecological philosophy has always been a hot issue in the study of Marxist philosophy in China.The outbreak of COVID-19 in the early 1920 s makes the innovation of ecological criticism and the reconstruction of ecological philosophy an urgent and arduous theoretical task.Under the impact of this crisis,the mainstream western ecological philosophy fades from its gorgeous coat of freedom and democracy,and its inherent theoretical flaws have been exposed.Theoretically,the mainstream western ecological philosophy turns the ecological environment into an essential and centralized theoretical core and puts human life outside this core.It lacks thinking about the deep connection between liver health and ecological problems and pays less attention to viruses,pestilence,and human health.This sudden epidemic crisis alerts human beings,and also promotes ecological philosophy research to discover ecological problems and the development path of human civilization from a new perspective.In this respect,Gilles Deleuze,a French post-Marxist philosopher,based on Marx's theory of the relationship between nature and man,has made important academic contributions and provided useful philosophical enlightenment.Deleuze inherits Marx's criticism of the alienation of capitalism,pays attention to the internal contradictions of capitalism and its development and changes of philosophical analysis,thus,the system of capitalism comes down to the final root of human ecological problems,and further development of the capital logic identity as the core of the critique of modernity,and the western philosophy of transcendental essence of the traditional philosophy.Starting from Marx's classical theory,the widely absorbs philosophical resources of Lucretius,Spinoza,Kant,Nietzsche,Bergson.On the premise of difference,immanence and consistency,starting from the three ecological dimensions of nature,society and mentality,Deleuze criticized and created a rich and complete theory of capitalist ecological criticism which takes becoming,vitalism,machinism,and geophilosophy as its content and takes new land and new people as its goal.This paper tries to critically discover the philosophical foundation,critical theory,and contemporary significance of Deleuze's capitalism from Marx's basic philosophical point.And it expects to expand our view of Marxist philosophy research and contributes to the construction of ecological civilization in our country.It divides into three parts.The first part investigates the philosophical foundation and historical background of Deleuze's Eco-critical Theory of Capitalism.As a Marxist after Deleuze,Marx's concept of nature as the primary source of theory,first determine the ecological critique of capitalism at the heart of the motif,thus sets up the new naturalism of anti-modernity,reconstructs the expressionism,multiplicity,and becoming of nature.It reveals mutually real conditions and inner mechanism of nature and society in modern time and aims a high unity of completed naturalism and humanism of Marx thesis at establishing ecological theory as its practical purpose.Deleuze dates the capitalism modernity back to the traditional philosophy of the theory of essentialism and idealism of Plato.This tradition produces identity and transcendence which shows four visions of idealism theory obscures essential differences and teihaben based on cause emanative obscures internality.Thus,Deleuze rebuilds the difference against identity and immanence against transcendence,and creates consistency based on the difference and immanence.Three principles are together as his theoretical premise of ecological thoughts,which presumed his theoretical kernel.Based on the above thought,Deleuze constructs a triple critical framework of natural ecology,social ecology,and mental ecology.He not only defines natural ecology as a social problem but also puts forward that social ecology is a part of ecological problems for mental ecology itself and holds that there is an interactive isomorphic relationship between them.Two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia,which are well known in the academic world by him and Gattali,are critical theories with mental ecology as the starting point.The second part tries to present the main academic contribution and complete philosophical landscape of Deleuze's Eco-critical Theory of Capitalism,which is the concrete development of Deleuze's criticism of capitalism of ontology,Life concept,technical rationality and historical idea in Ecological Philosophy.First,Deleuze criticizes capitalism ontology with becoming theory.The critics show that existence is a becoming existence and nature has a becoming doctrine in its diversity,multiplicity,symbiosis,relativity,rupture,and openness.The whole nature is neither a static rigidity of the world,nor a hierarchical world built by the tree mode,but a multiplicity of perfectly individuated multiplicities,which is becoming nature against itself.He criticizes the misleading criticism on human cognition of Darwin's evolution,which reveals the internal relations between epidemic crisis and the ecological environment.Second,the essay stresses his criticism of capitalism's suppression of life in the academic background of the ups and downs of vitalism.Through analyzing the inner mechanism of the life force and nature,soul,spirit,perception,art,and other things,Deleuze connects an organic relationship between ecological philosophy and life philosophy and finds ecological creation strength under the new social field.Thirdly,it focuses on the general phenomenon of changing human existence and social form.By deploring the civilized aspect of the machine and its anti-ecological civilization aspect,it reveals the operational mechanism controlling nature,society,and people's spiritual world by the capitalist abstract machine.Meanwhile,he explores the symbiotic discipline of organisms and organic,an inorganic environment in machine theory perspective,analyses the shackles of technological rationality,and reconstruct another possibility of the ecological civilization.Deleuze took Marx's land-based critique of capital as the source of geographic philosophy and was inspired by Nietzsche's geography metaphors to give the Torre the concept of Torre,nature,culture,and space with four connotations.By exposing its internal mechanism of coding,zoning,and stratification,he criticized that the land under capitalism is a homogeneous space that has been totalized and unified,and then promoted the problem of solving the capitalist ecological crisis as a shift from texture space to smooth empty conversion.geophilosophy is also a backlash against modernity's respect for historical concepts.The third part discusses the conception and plan of Deleuze's Eco-critical Theory of Capitalism on the future of human ecological problems in philosophy.On the one hand,Deleuze advocated reshaping the subjectivity,which rooted the way of ecological salvation in people's daily life and generated the ecological ethical spirit of awe and care for nature through the new modes of existence,to achieve the goal of pursuing ecological freedom through human liberation and finally realizing the liberation of human beings.On the other hand,Deleuze is looking forward to using the increase of capability of governance of systematic and micro type of modern society to deal with the ecological crisis,and hope to resolve contradictions in the struggle against capitalism.His theory has obvious compromise and incompleteness,which gets rid of the capital plane in the form of negative escape,the capitalist system of a set of axioms,and the identity as the logic of the idea of modern philosophy.Besides,Deleuze's ecocriticism contains the implication of ecological community.However,measured by Xi Jinping's ecological theory that brings a community life and a community of shared future for mankind together to build global consensus,his thought only expresses the yearning for human ecological civilization and lacks a valuable action program.Only adhering to the principle of heterogeneity and isomorphism and seeking common ground while reserving differences can lead the human to a better future of a new form of ecological civilization.