Psychological Mechanism Of Poverty Alleviation Behavior Strategies Of Rural Poo

Poverty is a significant social problem facing the world,and also one of the major livelihood issues concerned by global economics,sociology and psychology.The existing researches on poverty psychology abroad mainly focus on three aspects:poverty attribution,the psychological characteristics of the poor and the psychological consequences of poverty.However,few studies have explored the integrated relationship between the poor's psychological characteristics,poverty attribution model and poverty coping behavior,which shows that there are still many academic blind spots for the in-depth explanation of the poor's psychological mechanism of coping with poverty and the diversity and complexity of the poor's behavior.At present,the domestic psychological circles have begun to explore some theoretical and empirical issues,and have made positive efforts to the major national and social practical problems.On the basis of a close combination of the domestic and foreign related academic frontier progress,this paper,taking the poverty alleviation behavior of the rural poor in China as the research starting point,through five sub studies,investigates the psychological characteristics,the poverty attribution model and the psychological structure of poverty alleviation behavior strategy of the rural poor,probes the predictive effects of socio-demographic variables,psychological characteristics and poverty attribution model of the poor on their poverty alleviation strategies,and attempts to reveal the psychological mechanism and behavior strategy model of the poor's psychological characteristics through the poverty attribution model.Among them,studies 1-3 explored the structural characteristics of poverty-stricken people's behavior strategy,the poverty attribution model and the psychological characteristics of poverty-stricken people in rural areas of China,and examined the correlation between social demographic factors and poverty-stricken people's behavior strategy,poverty attribution model and psychological characteristics;In study 4,the relative effectiveness of socio-demographic variables,the psychological characteristics of the poor and the poverty attribution model in predicting the behavior strategies of poverty alleviation were explored by using the ideas of variable integration,so as to determine the core explanatory variables with sufficient predictive effectiveness for the behavior strategies of poverty alleviation;Based on the results of empirical analysis in study 4,study 5 constructed and tested the explanation model of psychological mechanism of poverty alleviation behavior of rural poor people.The major finding that used self-report questionnaire method is summarized as follows:1)Four factors were found underlying Chinese rural individuals' poverty alleviation behavioral strategies,which were named as fatalism,pragmatism,skepticism and helplessness.Another four factors,named as the unfairness of social allocation,self-incapability,disadvantages in living conditions,and the insufficiency in family power were found underlying individuals'poverty-related attribution patterns.Three psychological traits,named as withdrawal,fortitude and obstinacy characterize Chinese rural individuals in poverty.2)Overall,the pure contributions from the investigated demographic variables to the predictive model for individuals' poverty alleviation strategies were negligible,although a significant association between age and poverty alleviation strategies was observed.Besides,the associations between investigated demographic variables and psychological traits and attribution patterns were not significant.3)Chinese rural residents' poverty alleviation strategies were significantly predicted by their psychological traits and poverty-related attribution patterns.Particular psychological traits and attribution patterns serve as significant contributors to the individual difference of poverty alleviation strategies either as a whole or separately.4)The multi dimensional structural model shows:1)Chinese rural residents'withdrawal positively and indirectly influences their pragmatic strategies by weakening their perceived injustice in social allocation,suggesting the presence of a complete mediation effect;2)Individuals' fortitude influences their pragmatic strategies both directly and indirectly by strengthening their perceived unfairness of allocation,suggesting the presence of a partial mediation effect;3)Individuals' fortitude indirectly and positively contributes to their skepticism strategies by increasing their perceived incapability,suggesting the presence of a complete mediation effect;and 4)Individuals' withdrawal positively contributes to their skepticism strategies both directly and indirectly by lowering their perceived incapability,suggesting the presence of a partial mediation effect.The above conclusions are helpful to enrich the economic and sociological research perspectives of poverty,and provide some positive theoretical and empirical basis for the in-depth understanding of the psychological mechanism of the rural poor's poverty alleviation behavior and the improvement of the scientific service level of psychological targeted poverty alleviation.In the post poverty alleviation era,the goal of psychological poverty alleviation work is to create a new type of rural rich group with the characteristics of "fortitude-ability-pragmatism",to promote the transformation of the poor from withdrawal and obstinacy to fortitude,to enhance their sense of fairness,sense of acquisition and ability to get rid of poverty,to improve the social resource allocation system and to strengthen rural basic education and vocational education.