A Study Of The Sanyuan School Of Guanxue In The Ming Dynasty

Guan Xue originated in Zhang Zai in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi during the Northern Song Dynasty.As a regional school,its inheritance and development process is complicated and tortuous.The style of study is the same.Guanxue scholars in different periods have the characteristics of the times while continuing the Guanxue line.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,due to the southward movement of the political,economic and cultural center,Guan Xue has gradually fallen into a low ebb.After Yashan,although the rulers of Jin and Yuan admired Confucianism and absorbed its thoughts,they still could not prevent Guan Xue from falling into the trend of "ignoring academic tradition for a hundred years".Until the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,Zhu founded the country with Neo-Confucianism and the orthodoxy was revived.However,in order to control the thoughts of scholar-officials to achieve political goals and strictly limit the content of Neo-Confucianism,under the dual role of advocacy and suppression,the Ming scholars sought freedom in the shackles and turned But deeply rooted in the locality,voluntarily establishing academies,preaching and teaching industry,academic schools with distinctive regional characteristics have sprung up all over the country,and Guan Xue has been revitalized with this wave.The Sanyuan School is a typical Guan school in the Ming Dynasty.It was started by Wang Shu,Wang Chengyu and his sons from Sanyuan in Guanzhong,Shaanxi in the mid-Ming Dynasty,followed by Ma Li,Han Bangqi,Yang Jue,and Wang Zhishi.It was called "Sanyuan School" because of the name of the place.The reason why a school can be called a "school" is inseparable from the two temporal and spatial elements of academic heritage and geography.Feng Congwu,a great Confucian scholar in the Ming Dynasty,defined Guan Xue as Guanzhong Neo-Confucianism,limited the spatial scope of "Guan Xue" by geographical factors,and took "consulting Zhu and Lu as the basis"as the ideological feature of Guan Xue in the Ming Dynasty.The Sanyuan School could not be separated from these two common characteristics..Huang Zongxi believes that the ternary school has no theoretical achievements,and Xu Yu Chengzhu.According to these two viewpoints,the Sanyuan School seems to have nothing to do with Zhang Zaizhi's studies,and the reason for accepting the Sanyuan School to enter Guan Xue does not seem to be sufficient from the perspective of academic inheritance.Therefore,the reason why the "San Yuan School" should be returned to Guan Xue is necessary.Re-examination,this kind of examination can not but join the investigation of the genetic factors of Zhang Zai's thought,judging whether it has inherited Zhang Zaizhi's theory from multiple levels such as academic purpose,value spirit and style of study,and specifically distinguishing the existence of the Sanyuan school Circumstances,analyze its origin,this is the focus of this article.Sanyuan School's inheritance of Zhang Zai's Guan Xue can be found in the literature,and the diversity of Guan Xue's inheritance in the Ming Dynasty is also reflected in it.As the founder of the Sanyuan School,Zuo Xiaozong realized the"Hongzhi Zhongxing" in the five dynasties,and is known as one of the "Hongzhi Three Gentlemen".Most people in the world forget his knowledge because of his achievements in governance.Wang Shuzhi's achievements in governance originated from the consistency of his learning and behavior,and he was quite invented in Confucianism.What is even more rare is the insight into Zhang Zaiguan's academic strengths in an atmosphere where he respects Cheng Zhu,pays attention to and promotes them.Wang Chengyu's thoughts mostly continued from his father Wang Shu.His special articles first advocated scholars to attach importance to Zhang Zaizhi's studies,and from practical actions to promote Guan Xuehongdao,and promote the spread of Zhang Zai's thoughts.It can be said that Wang Chengyu's admiration for Zhang Zai is not only based on Zhang Zai's identity as a member of the Guanzhong area,but also because of his academic beliefs.Wang Chengyu's emphasis on Zhang Zai directly affected his disciple Ma Li,who embodied the inheritance of Zhang Zaizhi's studies in many aspects.In terms of ontology,Ma Li put forward the proposition that "the emptiness is the Tian",which fully affirmed Zhang Zai's astronomical structure;in the theory of generation,Ma Li inherited Zhang Zai's view of "easy is good fortune" and creatively proposed The proposition of "good fortune is easy";and on the basis of Zhang Zai's theory of human nature,which fully affirms the "nature of heaven and earth",he puts forward the "heart of heaven and law".In addition,Ma Li fully inherited Zhang Zai's ritual thoughts,inherited and exerted Zhang Zai's ritual thoughts from multiple levels including the source of rituals,the functions of rituals,and the education of rituals,and practiced and adhered to the rituals.Spirit,known as "ZhangZai of today".Han Bangqi,another scholar of the Sanyuan School,has focused his entire life on the study of Hengqu.Han Bangqi began to study "Zhengmeng" when he was a teenager,and continued to read it until he was old,and built his own academic scale in the continuous interpretation of "Zhengmeng".Han Bangqi's theory of "Tao style in the Zhang Zai alone" proposed that "Tai Chi is not Tao","Good fortune is Tao",and "Tao is only one";his theory of human nature comes from Zhang Zai's "Harmony of Heaven and Man" and also advocates "Dong Ming" "The approach of man and the sky;its unique theory of sexuality originates from Zhang Zai's "the source of all things in sex";its theory of art is based on Zhang Zai's "Dong Ming" as the general program of self-cultivation practice,inheriting Zhang Zai While carrying on the learning path for learning,it also proposed practical methods such as being cautious and fearful and acting in the middle,which continued the practical spirit of solid learning and focusing on practice.From the perspective of Han Bangqi's academic experience and academic thoughts,he fully inherited and developed Zhang Zai's doctrine and was a leader in Guan school in the Ming Dynasty.The Sanyuan School is mainly based on Zhang Zaizhi' s study in terms of style of study,value spirit and academic purposes.It not only inherits Zhang Zai' s thought of"relying on etiquette as teaching",but also on multiple levels such as ontology,xinxing theory,and Gongfu theory.Absorb and inherit Zhang Zai's thoughts.While inheriting Zhang Zai' s thoughts from a distance,the Sanyuan School was influenced by official doctrines and partly absorbed Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism.However,its background was not concealed by Cheng-Zhu' s studies.When Cheng-Zhu' s studies prevailed,the scholars of the Sanyuan School had already begun.Reflect on the malpractice of Cheng Zhu and try to return to Zhang Zaizhi to eliminate these malpractices.This return not only continued the style of Guan Xue's respect for integrity and practice,but also inherited Zhang Zaizhi's academic theory and realized the resurgence of Guan Xue in the Ming Dynasty.