| Prehistoric period accounts for 99% of the whole human society.The Neolithic Age is a leap period of "quality" in the prehistoric era.It is the key to the transition from ignorance to civilization.It is also called the "Neolithic Revolution" period.Therefore,it is of great historic significance for us to explore the sports culture form in this era.The Neolithic Age began about 12,000 years ago and ended about 4,000 years ago,marked by the emergence of settlements,grinding stones,agriculture and pottery.Physical anthropology research shows that in this era,human brain capacity and physical characteristics have also made a qualitative leap,and human thinking and consciousness have reached a mature stage.All of these have fully contributed to the emergence of "sports consciousness" and "sports behavior" independent from production,labor,religion,military and other activities.Therefore,various forms of sports have taken shape initially.The thesis is guided by philosophy,archaeology,anthropology,sociology,history,ethnology,typology,etc.It uses literature research,archaeology,investigation and research,historical comparison,case study,interview,etc.as specific methods and means;and the relics and relics unearthed in the cultural sites of the Neolithic Age.As well as the rock paintings depicted on the mountain and stone walls,this paper studies the various forms of sports presented in the Neolithic Age.The main research contents of this paper include: exploring the reasons and conditions for the formation of sports forms in the Neolithic Age.According to the classification principles and methods of typology,the sports forms of Neolithic Age were classified.Taking the culture of Shuangdun Site in Bengbu as an example,this paper studies the evolution process of "body education form" and archery culture form in the sports form of the Neolithic Age.At last,the article analyses the characteristics of sports form and its historical position in the Neolithic Age.Finally,this paper draws the following conclusions:1.In the Neolithic age,there was a historical fact of sports form.Starting from the debate on "whether there is prehistoric sports" in the academic circle,this paper sums up the focus of the debate between the two sides.The reasons are as follows: first,different research methods lead to different research conclusions;second,different understanding of the concept,connotation and attribute of "Sports" leads to different conclusions.After analyzing and commenting,the author puts forward the author's point of view,explains the concept of "Neolithic sports form",and then studies the existence of Neolithic sports form.Through the textual research on the archeological excavation of the carrier of physical form and material in the Neolithic age,through the combing of the archeological data collected by the predecessors,and through the research on the typical case of physical form in the Neolithic Age-"double pier culture",the history is restored,which proves the important historical fact that "physical form" exists in the Neolithic age.2.The Neolithic age has the basis and conditions for the formation of sports forms.Things are generally connected,and the emergence and production of anything is the product of the times.The formation and development of sports form are closely related to the development of natural environment,social economy,social culture and social organization in the Neolithic age,as well as the development level of human body and mind.The warming of the earth's climate has expanded the scope of human activities.The occurrence of the agricultural revolution has promoted the great changes and development of the economy,culture and social organization of human society in the Neolithic age,and further promoted the development of human body and brain,the development of human psychology,and the further pursuit of human spiritual culture.The unique natural environment,social background and all the changes of human beings in the Neolithic age have made full preparations for the occurrence of sports forms;the relatively solid material foundation and the sufficient and necessary conditions provided by the natural society in the Neolithic age make the emergence of sports forms possible and inevitable for the historical development.3.The Neolithic age is the birth of prehistoric sports.The Neolithic age is a key turning period of human society.All kinds of cultural forms of human beings have made a qualitative leap,so does sports culture.Therefore,it is called "Neolithic Revolution" period.If human beings in the historical period of "civilization" are babies just born less than one and a half days old,then prehistoric Paleolithic human beings are in the "gestation period" of October pregnancy,while Neolithic human beings are in the "birth date".Archaeological excavation shows that in the Paleolithic sites from about 20000 years ago to millions of years ago,there are few sports and cultural phenomena related to human beings.Since the Neolithic Age about 12000 years ago,archaeological discoveries show that a variety of sports forms miraculously appear in front of us.At the same time,according to the environmental background and basic conditions of the Neolithic age,the enhancement of human physique and the degree of thinking development,as well as the characteristics of the primitive and fuzzy of the sports form at that time,we can infer that the Neolithic age is the birth period of the prehistoric sports form.4.There are six types of sports forms in the Neolithic age.According to the origin theory of prehistoric sports,the attribution theory in psychology and the typology theory in archaeology,combined with questionnaire survey and expert consultation,and according to the form,function,nature and characteristics of different sports forms,the physical education forms in the Neolithic age are divided into six types: game entertainment sports form,physical education form and fighting against antibody There are six kinds of sports forms,including education form,ritual sports form,military sports form and other sports forms.5.Physical education form is a typical representative of physical education form in the Neolithic age.Physical education" refers to some physical exercises or skills training,such as archery,throwing,swimming,fighting and other skills,which were carried out by human beings for the purpose of living and survival in prehistoric times.In the Neolithic age,human beings cultivated the next generation through physical education to maintain the needs of human survival and development.In this way,the New Stone Age "physical education" and "sports form" have a natural connection,the relationship between the two is actually inextricable,you have me,I have you,physical education also accompanied by the emergence of sports form.Since the physical education in the Neolithic age is the most important way to maintain human survival and development,and also the most common and basic form of physical education in the Neolithic age,cultural relics and relics unearthed in the Neolithic age all prove the existence of physical education.Therefore,the physical education form has typical significance and is a physical education in the Neolithic age The most typical representative of form.6.The sports form of the Neolithic age has distinct characteristics.The physical form of Neolithic age has four distinct characteristics: basic characteristics,body symbols,primitiveness and polymorphism.The basic characteristics of the new stone age sports form is a purposeful and conscious body exercise,which is derived from the basic human body activity skills and has the added value after the accumulation of material production.The physical symbolic feature is that the physical form in the Neolithic age is a kind of body language symbol and a primary cultural symbol to express human body movement.Among them,music and dance and ritualized physical form are two typical physical symbolic expressions,the former is concrete,the latter is symbolic.The primacy of sports form is manifested in the fuzziness of the nature of sports form in the Neolithic age,the bionics of action,the inherent nature of rules and the gradual evolution.Polymorphism is manifested in the diversity of the origin,form,value and distribution of sports form in the Neolithic age.These characteristics of the sports form in the Neolithic age are produced and displayed in this special age of the Neolithic age,some of which are unique to this age,and some of which have continued to this day along with the inheritance.7.The formation of sports form in the Neolithic age has far-reaching historical influence.This paper expounds the historical position and function of the physical education form in the Neolithic age from two aspects: vertical and horizontal.From the longitudinal diachronic point of view,the sports form of the Neolithic age is developed from the sports form of the Paleolithic age,and gradually becomes an independent cultural form in the social and cultural system,which is the basis of forming the polymorphism of the traditional national sports.From the perspective of horizontal synchronicity,the physical culture of the Neolithic Age promoted the development of human physique,enriched the cultural life of human society,and promoted the development of human society in the Neolithic age.Therefore,from the vertical and horizontal aspects,the formation and development of Neolithic sports form has a profound historical impact,and plays an important role in the history of human development. |
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