Military Archaeology Observation Of Ancient Qin Capital

In recent years,great achievements have been made in the archaeological excavation and research of Qin capital sites,including military activities.From the establishment and continuous changes of the capital cities of the Qin people,we can see the process of the Qin people from the small country to the vassal state and then to the unification of the Empire.The history of the Qin people's capital relocation is like a military history.From the excavation,cultural connotation and establishment background of the early capital of Qin in Southeast Gansu,such as Xishan,Luan Tingshan,Shigouping site group,dabaozi mountain,Yuandingshan,Shanping site group and Liya site group,we can find that its military nature was mainly developed around the Rong people,which mainly reflected in the construction of mountain city,geographical environment,Qin Dynasty The coexistence of the two cultural features of Rong,the unique weapons and the construction of arsenals.We can find that Xishan site group and dabuzishan site group should have the nature of frontier defense town.With the relocation of the capital of Qin Xianggong,he occupied the key place of Guanshan.He was the first capital city of Qin people to enter Guanzhong area.With the advantage of geographical position,he successfully escorted King Ping of Zhou to move to Luoyi,making it a vassal.In order to promote the status of the Qin people,it is urgent to establish a suitable capital to seek a broader development space.Then the Qin people established the meeting of Wei,Pingyang and Yong in the west of Guanzhong.Due to the lack of large-scale excavation in the Huiwei meeting and Pingyang,we can only observe its military nature from the geographical location,the background of capital relocation and weapons.According to the current archaeological data,Yongcheng is the largest and most complete city in the central and western part of Guan where Qin lived.Although it is a multi-functional capital site integrating politics,economy and military affairs,it still can't cover up its complete military defense system.Its construction mode of water Imperial City,multiple defense facilities combined with city walls and trenches,complete logistic support facilities composed of storage,roads,workshops,etc.,and diversified weapons and equipment formed the influence model centered on Yongcheng city It became the rear area for Qin people to further enter the eastern part of Guanzhong.In order to further expand the scope of influence of the Qin people in the east of Guanzhong,the Qin people continued to move eastward to the central part of Guanzhong and established Jingyang,Liyang and Xianyang,which were mainly built around competing with Jin and Wei for Hexi.The eastward migration in geographical location can reduce the material consumption caused by the long-distance war,and also facilitate the establishment of radiation forces around the central part of Guanzhong.Among the three cities,the situation is not clear due to the less work done in Jingyang.The military nature of both Liyang and Xianyang is outstanding.Mainly reflected in the city walls,weapons and equipment and storage,roads,workshops,water conservancy facilities and other logistics facilities.In contrast,the military nature of the city is more prominent,and Xianyang city is a multi-functional capital integrating politics,economy and culture.On the whole,the Qin people were good at making use of the natural geographical environment in the process of capital construction.They experienced the transformation from mountain city tradition to plain city.In terms of capital site selection,they chose the land surrounded by mountains and water to form natural defense facilities,so as to strengthen the military defense function with the help of "local conditions".The city defense system of Qin people's capital experienced the process from creating Guo Shou min to having no city in a big country,which was influenced by both the tradition of Qin State and the tradition of capital city of Shang and Zhou dynasties.At the same time,the logistics support system of the Qin people also experienced the process of normalization.The Qin capital built a comprehensive defense through the construction of logistics facilities,built roads,beacon towers,post stations,passes and other ancillary facilities with obvious military nature in and around the capital.Until Xianyang period,a specialized,standardized and large-scale military logistics support system was formed.By using the basic theory of archaeology,urban archaeology,military archaeology,literature and archaeological materials,this paper reveals the military characteristics of the Qin capital and the military culture of the Qin people From the background of moving the capital,military geography,military defense system and the military significance of the capital,this paper analyzes and studies the Qin capital from the perspectives of the background of moving capital,military geography,military defense system and the military significance of the capital.In order to reveal the military nature of the Qin capital,provide a new perspective for the military Archaeology of the capital,and is expected to promote the further research in this area.