Cultural Evolution And Social Development In Northeast China Before 3000 BC

Northeast China is one of the earliest areas in China to carry out archaeological work in the scientific sense,it has gone through a hundred years of history.This is also a key area for the study of the origin and formation of Chinese civilization,which plays a vital role in explaining the formation of the pluralistic and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization.Based on the theory of "Pedigree" and "civilization",this paper tries to study the archaeological culture and the civilization expressed in Northeast China before 3000 BC,in order to restore the cultural evolution and social development in this space-time category.The first chapter defines the time and space scope of this paper,briefly reviews the formation and application of the above two theories in archaeological research in Northeast China,and summarizes the research methods,contents and procedures of this paper.Based on previous studies,the second chapter divides Northeast China into ten geographical and cultural regions,namely,Western Liaoning region,Western Liaohe River Basin,Lower Liaohe River Basin,Liaodong Peninsula region,Xiliu Songhua River Basin,Eastern Liaohe River Basin,Hailar River Basin,Nenjiang River Basin and Sanjiang Plain region.Taking stratigraphy and typology as the basic methods and pottery as the main research materials,established the chronological sequence of archaeological culture in the above ten geographical cultural areas.At the same time,based on the commonness and differences of pottery,some unrecognized Neolithic remains have been identified.Merging certain archaeological cultures or remains into the same archaeological culture;And divide some archaeological cultures into different archaeological cultures or remains.In short,based on the existing research results and new materials,this paper comprehensively combs the qualitative and dating of Neolithic archaeological culture in Northeast China3000 BC.The third chapter mainly studies the temporal and spatial framework,pedigree relationship and cultural pattern of archaeological culture.Firstly,the cultural sequences of the above ten regions are connected horizontally to establish the temporal and spatial framework system of archaeological culture in Northeast China before 3000 BC.Secondly,based on the chronological sequence of culture and the style of pottery,this paper analyzes the inheritance and interactive relationship of each archaeological culture,so as to construct the pedigree relationship of each archaeological culture.Finally,taking the chronological order as the narrative clue and the interactive relationship as the analysis backbone,this paper discusses the interrelationship of various archaeological cultures in different regions of Northeast China,that is,the evolution and change of cultural pattern.The fourth chapter is a study on the society development of Neolithic archaeological culture in Northeast China 3000 BC,mainly discussing the process of civilization in this area.Based on the archaeological culture research platform established above,taking the chronological sequence as the clue and the social development phenomenon reflected by the material remains as the standard,this paper analyzes the social evolution of various archaeological cultures in stages.Jade ritual vessels emerged in Xiaonanshan Culture,Shuangta phase I Culture and Xinglongwa Culture in Chahai era,reflecting the differentiation of society at that time.The social differentiation of archaeological cultures in the early and middle Yangshao era further deepened,and religion has made great progress.The theocracy and military power may have begun to be established in the late Zhaobaogou Culture and the middle Hongshan Culture.By the late Yangshao era,Hongshan Culture in the late stage had formed a complex social structure,further developed theocracy and officially formed kingship,marking the late Hongshan Culture entering the era of civilization.And makes a preliminary discussion on the fishing and hunting leading civilization represented by Hongshan Culture,the reasons for the extinction of Hongshan civilization and the marginal phenomenon in the process of civilization in Northeast China.Based on the scientifically identified animal and plant remains,the fifth chapter analyzes the economic pattern of Neolithic culture in Northeast China before 3000 BC,and highlights the unique role of fishing and hunting economy in shaping the cultural appearance and forming the characteristics of social development in Northeast cultural area.The sixth chapter is a brief summary of the main innovative understandings and important supplementary opinions obtained in this paper.