The Research Of Adjectives In Hmong Language Of Fenghuang Shanjiang In Hunan Province

Adjectives belong to open parts of speech,which is an important category in the continuum of parts of speech,and the position of parts of speech is the most unstable in notional words.This paper takes Shanjiang Hmong language as the language material,takes adjectives as the research object,exhaustively collects 572 adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language,makes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language,and deeply describes the parts of speech of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language.the functions of word formation and French meaning of sentences,and try to explain some special language phenomena of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language by means of language description,language contact,languagetypology,valenzgrammatik and so on.The purpose of this paper is to establish a detailed adjective grammar system.The full text is divided into eleven chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly discusses the research status and existing problems of adjectives at home and abroad,and summarizes the research content,train of thought,significance,method,value and theoretical basis of this paper.this paper introduces the source of the corpus and the language features of the Hmong language in Shanjiang Town,and explains the basic situation of the speaker and the symbolic style of this article.The second chapter discusses the part-of-speech features of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language.This chapter demonstrates the parts of speech status and parts of speech division of adjectives,and proposes that adjectives in Shanjiang and Hmong language can be divided into nature and state adjectives according to different syntactic and semantic functions.At the same time,according to whether the adjective has dynamic characteristics in the predicate position,it is subdivided into static and dynamic adjectives,and the internal classification of nature,state and dynamic adjectives is introduced.sort out the grammatical,semantic and pragmatic features of all kinds of adjectives.The third chapter discusses the word formation and formation features of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language.Word formation includes the expression of adjectives and the motivation of word formation.The formation of adjectives mainly refers to the overlapping forms of adjectives,and the main observation is a large number of words with adjective reduplication and expressing the nature and state of things.Due to the lack of morphological changes in Hmong language,reduplication is an important means for adjectives to express grammatical meaning,so this chapter focuses on the form,hierarchy,syntactic function and grammatical meaning of adjective reduplication.The fourth chapter discusses the grammatical functions of adjectives and their related sentence patterns.This chapter mainly analyzes the grammatical functions of adjectives from the perspectives of combinatorial functions and syntactic components.Combinatorial functions include adjectives and degree adverbs,adjectives and negative adverbs,adjectives and affixes,adjectives and quantifiers,adjectives and verbs,adjectives and nouns.Syntactic position includes attribute,predicate,adverbial and complement.Special sentence patterns include differential sentence,adjective predicate sentence and "degree adverb + V+AP" sentence.The fifth chapter discusses the aspect category of adjectives.There are four individual categories of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language: inactive aspect,will aspect,progressive aspect and perfect aspect.Language contact makes the progressive aspect of Shanjiang Hmong language have two ways of expression.Adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language have rich appearance categories,which are mainly divided into two categories: situation appearance and speed appearance.Emotional appearance includes seven subcategories: state,color,space,measurement,emotion,evaluation,attribute and so on.Speed appearance includes fast appearance and slow appearance.The sixth chapter mainly discusses the order features of adjectives.This chapter mainly discusses the word order features of adjectives from three aspects: adjectives and nouns,adjectives and adverbs of degree and multiple adjective attributives,and discusses the motivation of the special word order of adjectives.The research shows that language contact leads to the coexistence of multiple word order forms of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language.The seventh chapter discusses the loanwords of adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language.Among the 572 adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language,44 are Chinese loanwords.The investigation of 44 adjectives shows that adjective loanwords in Shanjiang Hmong language mainly come from southwest mandarin and common language.Through careful comparison,it is found that loanwords have obvious levels,monosyllabic words belong to old loanwords and disyllabic words belong to new loanwords.On the one hand,the emergence of loanwords enriches the expression of adjectives,on the other hand,it also gradually affects the lexical and grammatical system of Shanjiang Hmong language.The eighth chapter discusses the valenzgrammatik of adjectives.The valenzgrammatik theory mainly aims at the attribution of the structural relationship between adjectives and nouns,which is controversial in the field of Hmong language.Valenzgrammatik theory can clarify the semantic relationship between adjectives and nouns or nominal phrases.The research shows that there are differences among univalent,bivalent and trivalent adjectives in Shanjiang Hmong language.Univalent adjectives are often located after the former noun,bivalent adjectives are located between two nouns or nominal phrases,and trivalent adjectives are mostly located in differential sentences.Restricted by the principle of labor-saving in language and focus information,the pre-subjects of bivalent and trivalent adjectives can often be hidden,resulting in the false appearance that "adjectives and nouns" form a predicate-subject relationship.The ninth chapter mainly discusses the types of adjectives in Hmong-Yao language.through a comparative analysis of the syntactic and semantic features of adjectives in Hmong-Yao language,it is found that adjectives in Hmong-Yao language have type commonness,such as aspect category,overlap and size reference.when acting as a predicate,there are restrictions on the French meaning of a sentence,and adjectives can be modified by degree words.Language contact has affected the adjectives of each branch of Hmong-Yao language in varying degrees.The tenth chapter discusses the similarities and differences between adjectives in Hmong language and Chinese adjectives..The commonness is mainly manifested in the classification of adjectives,syntactic position,prosodic combination,aspect category,reduplication and the quantitative features of adjectives.Personality is mainly manifested in the word order of adjectives and nouns,the word order of adjectives and quantifiers,the word order of degree adverbs modifying adjectives,adjectives with objects and so on.The eleventh chapter is the conclusion.This paper summarizes the research content of the text and summarizes the typical characteristics of adjectives in Hmong language.Combined with the existing research results,this paper puts forward the innovative content,points out the research deficiencies and some problems worthy of improvement.