Transformation Of Social Management:from Control To Activation Of Society And Enhancement Of Livelihood

Social management in China is now witnessing tremendous changes in its targets and circumstances. The traditional modes and methods of social management are no longer able to accommodate the current social situation, the social trends, and the international trends. This paper puts forward:As the economic reform boosts the economic development, China should promote its social transform and construction by the transformation of social management. Social management transformation, is the transformation from control to activation of society and enhancement of livelihood.This paper reviews the theories on social management from home and abroad, and typical practices on social management in several representative countries, and proposes a social-activating and livelihood-enhancing social management concentrating on "Six Socials" and "Six Managements"."Six Socials" refer to the six key stages of social management.1. Adjust social structure. Especially enlarge the middle-income group by including the majority of the population; meanwhile eliminate the population in poverty, so that we can eventually dispel the income disparity among different social classes, the excessive interest differentiation, and the overstrained social relationship. In such a society, most people will not sense injustice and unevenness too easily.2. Improve social insurance, the point is to ensure the life, medical treatment and education of all people especially the poor beyond the rich, so as to avoid the violence caused by people's life crisis and to eliminate the roots of social contradictions.3. Develop social organizations. Exert their function of integrating social members and social relationship, buffering social contradictions, and improve the closeness and efficiency of social management so that the government can avoid facing social members directly.4. Build social community. Fully exert the role of grassroots non-government organizations to fit daily life, organize basic social services and management and enhance social unity and common sense.5. Manage special social group. The special social group refers to the old, the young, the disabled, the poor, the migrants and the floating population, etc.6. Guarantee social security level and handle public events. There should be clear plans and rules for all kinds of unexpected natural disasters and social emergencies to maintain and improve the social security level."Six Managements" refer to the six approaches or means through which government manages the society.1. Fundamental management through reasonable distribution systems and social security. Establish and perfect the regulation pattern of distribution based on market economy, control capital gains, control unreasonable expansion of government revenue, maintain a reasonable proportion of residents'income in national income, particularly the labor remuneration in the initial distribution, and the medium income population will be maintained and enlarged; Only by the means of second allocation to establish and improve the social security and social welfare, can China establish a social safety net for its people.2. Indirect management through social organizations. Establish a divided, combined and collaborative cooperation with social organizations. The government provides support for social organizations through social investment and government procurement, and reconciles the contradictions may occur among these organizations.3. Ruled management through a transparent and fair legal system. Law and the legal system should be well-developed, and social disputes should be dealt with based on rules; When disputes can be solved by laws instead of policies, social members will have clear and stable expectations for the consequences of social behavior.4. Consultable management through negotiation mechanism. Establish and support various negotiation patterns, better the relationship with the public media, grant the public an expression and negotiation mechanism on vital interest issues, and settle most of the social disputes through coordination and negotiation.5. Close management through cultural integration. Maintain the high-level sharing of core value and culture. Not only pay attention to all kinds of "hard" value, but also attach great importance to the daily culture maintenance, including the family, neighborhood and community, which are conducive to social unity.6. Wise management through effective public crisis coping method. Assure that any kind of social crisis can be solved by ultimate and peaceful handling mechanism, including making policy changing, personnel changing and the accountability of government as the ultimate emergency rules.This paper further discusses the changing course of the social management in China since1949, especially the overall practical characteristics after China started strengthening and innovating social management. It reveals that social management innovation is not about minor issues, and that dealing with emergencies like public affairs is only one of the necessary and important steps. In fact, it should realize the integration of "Six Socials" and "Six Managements", namely, realize the transformation of social management from control to activation of society and enhancement of livelihood. In Zhejiang, where the author lives in, a region with advanced economy in the east and an pilot region on innovation and social construction in china, on the one hand the transformation of social management is comparatively in a leading position; however, on the other hand, the overall social statistics are not advanced enough, though the statistics of social organizations and social development rank top in China. Therefore, Zhejiang has the need, the prerequisite, and the responsibility to explore new innovative experience, transform the partial innovation into integrated innovation on regional social management, and try to obtain the common features and advantages of an advanced mode of social management.