Analysis On The Political Control In The Process Of China's Social Transformation

Political control is an important phenomenon of the human society since the establishment of its political system. It is the regulation and control over society carried out by the subject of political control (embodied in the form of state), the aim of which is to realize the common value of the society. The essence of political control is to serve the ruling class with the ultimate aim of bringing social conflicts under orderly control. Political control has its own characteristics –that is compelling, legal, public and effective. From the perspective of social benefit structure, the subject of political control has a significant influence on the production of the total quantity of social benefit and on the regulation of the relationship among different social benefit groups. The object of political control also has its important status and plays an important role in that process. Analysis on the object cannot be carried out without taking into account its relationship with the subject and social benefit structure. Political control also has its class and technical character. The form of political control is ultimately decided by the economic foundation of a certain society. The existence of the object determines the limitedness of political control, which is embodied in its extent. Generally, reasonable limits of political control depend on three variable factors. First, whether the state activities are social-requirement-oriented. Second, Whether the limits of political control are adjustable according to social changes. The third factor is whether the state has established a law system of adjustment on the limits of political control. The criterion for judging the reasonable limits of political control is whether it is beneficial to the development or progress of society. Maintenance of the limits of political control is realized through the establishment of systematized mechanism –the self-adjustment function and legality of political control and the right to voice their interests enjoyed by the individuals and groups in a society. Economic structure is the basis of political control whose form and content is directly determined by social environment. First of all, social organizations are one of the prerequisites for political control. Marxism maintains that a society must has certain degree of division of labour whose advancement promotes the degree of organization of a society and that different organizations emerge as the times demand. These organizations are constituent parts of a society and their function is irreplaceable by any political organization. Next, the composition of social interest is a prerequisite of reasonable political control. In the process of social transformation, with the rapid increase of social interest groups the composition of social interests tends to be increasingly plural and diverse. The contact between these social interest groups is becoming larger and more complex and this raises a new challenge for the timely, reasonable and effective adjustment of political control. To concretize, economic system is a decisive factor and determines the form and content of political control. Social stratum determines the different roles of the subject and the object of political control and the degree of socialization of different organizations, to a certain extent, represents the level of political control. In China, the standard of social and political life is dominated by the state. China established its policy of reform and opening up to the outside world and began its transformation of socioeconomic structure in the late 1970s. In 1992, in the 14th plenary session of the CPC, the party put forward its policy of establishing a socialist market economy which clarified the direction of social development with prosperity, democracy and civilization as its central aim of the country's modernization. These measures is directly bringing about the change of social base of political control from it former state. The traditional planned economy to obtain access to resources is being replaced by market economy and the appearance of social organizations is weakening the adjustment function of political organizations to society and social interests and the value-infilling function of those political organizations. The appearance of social stratum shows that the establishment of pluralism of society in thiscountry. Born under these conditions, social organizations which is structurally combined with political organizations in value and political aspects weakens and even destroys the political control function of ideology and mass campaigns. All these phenomena show that the increased power of social groups, in fact, obstructs the continuance of the leading status of the state in the society, that traditional political control is no longer suitable to the rapidly changing society and that the transformation of political control over the access to resources is a matter that cannot be avoided. In the transformation process China's society, political control is a decisive and variable factor of the country's modernization. Political control on the state and social group level is closely connected to the country's development, the society's progress and the direction and course of its modernization. It is also the foundation of the functioning of the political system, the guarantee of social development especially the virtuous mutual development. The change of political control, especially the change of its form plays an important role in the transformation process from a socialist planned economy to a socialist market economy in China. Its steadiness, efficiency and level of standardization directly influence the modernization of the state. Reasonable political control requires the establishment of a dynamic view of stability, the implementation of legal means, and a highly emphasis on the protection and realization of democratic rights of its citizens. It also requires the change of the form of ideological control, the change of conventional one-way control of the state and the establishment of two-way control between the citizens and the state (the government and the different parties). The aim, form and means of political control should be determined under the guidance of the above principles. The social transformation in China is a gradual process and the establishment of a new political control system must be predicated on the four principles. The crucial part of it is to correctly handle the relationships of reform and development with stability and the aim is to realize democratization of politics and harmony of society. Therefore, structural change of political control is mainly embodied as follows: replacement of planned economy withmarket economy; establishment of an economic system in which the state regulates the society and the realization of regulation of society by the state through the establishment of well-organized system of political organizations and social organizations with political organizations as the leading part; the change of traditional "Utopian"politics to the modernization of ideology and the establishment of a cultural system which is regulated by the state. In the social transformation process of China, the challenge brought about by the reform of the state-owned enterprises on the political control is significant and can serve as a model. With its change of function, state-owned enterprises are gradually becoming an economic organization not one in the political sense and its social function should also be reevaluated. So changing the form of political control over state-owned enterprises has undoubted realistic significance. The appearance of mega-amounts of the internal conflicts negatively indicates that it is extremely urgent to quicken the innovation process of political control so as to build an energetic, just and harmonious socialist society. The transformation process of political control over the state-owned enterprises poses new requirements on the functioning mechanism of political powers, and then on the reevaluation, innovation and standardization of government functions, thus it must be responded sensibly with innovation of government functions. In terms of the evaluation of the government, the following requirements must be met: correctly distinguish between the function of the owner and supervisor of state-owned properties; correctly distinguish between the regulation function of public affairs and state-owned properties; correctly distinguish between the macroeconomic regulation and controls function and supervision function on the funding providers; correctly handle the relationship between authorization and being authorized. In terms of the innovation of government, the major points are: change the administrative system of "administration-oriented"; change the administrative form with examination and approval as its main functions; change the centralization of administration and confidential operation of the government actions; perform government actions under the guidance of market economyand in accordance with the law; reinforce supervision on government actions and totally enhance the government office workers'quality. In particular, we should realize the specialization and market-selection of the team of supervisors of state-owned properties.