Study Of Model And Operation Of Counterpart Aid In Regional Economy

One-to-one aid experienced decades of development from the founding of the PRC to now. It has formed a large scale, a basic integrity of pattern and great diversity of ways. One-to-one aid takes an important role for reconstructing the people's production and life in disaster areas, developing the economic in backward area, and maintaining political stability and unity throughout the country. Without one-to-one aid, it would be difficult to achieve the common prosperity of all nationalities and realize the harmonious society. It is because of the one-to-one aid, there could be many policies tilt and support to backward area, such as financial, industrial, medical, education, science and technology, talent, etc. It could really demonstrate the irreplaceable superiority of socialism. It could explain the reason why the CPC's governance capability is so powerful and enduring. It could show some commendable traits of the Chinese nation, such as fraternity and unity.However, as an important national macroeconomic policy, one-to-one aid still has lots of things to further strengthen and improve. It needs to explore an effective way to speed up the development of the aid recipient regions'economic and society. As the further development of the market economy, one-to-one aid can no longer depend on the central government's policy to accept the aid passively. It is necessary to build up a long-term cooperation relationship between both aid and aided sides without political mobilization.There are already some successful cases that study on one-to-one aid, but the theoretical framework of it has not yet been established. One-to-one aid policy is one of an important part of the China's regional development policies. It plays a great role in developing regional economic, reducing regional disparities, coordinating regional relationships and promoting social progress. One-to-one aid policy is also an indispensable and important part of the "the rich leads the poor" theory proposed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. There are certain theoretical advantages of this study, which has established the policy framework, explained the connotation of the regional policy, understood the foresight of the party and the state's developing theory, and expounded the superiority of the socialist system.It helps to build up a long-term system of sustainable development by clarifying the contribution to both sides by one-to-one aid policy. We must promote the process of the policy's systematism and legislation to make it work more efficient. The policy also lays a solid foundation for the backward areas to keep its development continues and stable after the end of aid. This paper would have some practical significance in building up a long-term cooperation system, promoting the process of systematism and legislation, and establishing the self-developing ability.This paper is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It discusses the research background, purpose, significance, research content and scope of the study. It determines the research methods, mentality and the technical route. It also makes a brief introduction to the possible innovation and limitation.The second chapter is literature review. The main contents include brief overview of the relevant foreign literatures on aid policy. It also combs the domestic literatures that are relevant to one-to-one aid meticulously. Besides, it makes a brief comment on these domestic and foreign literatures. By this means, the study has found some disadvantages as follows:Firstly, the definition of one-to-one aid is old-fashioned. The lack of consideration of keeping pace with the times makes obstacle for follow-up study. Secondly, the realistic basis and foundation of one-to-one aid fails to recognize the most essential content. It lacks the deep excavation on the factors that the ownership of the means of production. Thirdly, there is no landmark event in one-to-one aid stages dividing; this makes the stages unclear and unfocused. Fourthly, the classification criteria of one-to-one aid are not clear and uniform, which leads to an incomplete type summary. Fifthly, the operating mechanism is imperfect. There is no good explanation on the different mechanism in different stages, such as initiating, implementing, coordinating all relationships and the latter tracking. Sixthly, the performance evaluation of the one-to-one aid mostly uses qualitative analysis while quantitative analysis, the conclusion is biased and lack of persuasion. Seventhly, the new changes of one-to-one aid did not investigate under the macro background that faces economic and social development of the new situation and new requirements. Eighthly, the discussion on the problems of one-to-one aid is focused on the details too much to grasp in macro. Therefore, this paper will attempt to do further more studies on these disadvantages above.The third chapter is the framework of theoretical analysis. The main content includes brief introductions on the theory, pattern and operation of one-to-one aid. The related theories of one-to-one aid include Marx's theory of regional division of labor and collaboration, the regional advantage theory, the regional factor flow theory, the theory of regional economic cooperation, the regional balanced and unbalanced development theory. This paper deals with a brief retrospect to the theory origin of one-to-one aid from five aspects above. The pattern of one-to-one aid includes its concept definition, and the discussion of how its dynamic mechanism, its promotion mechanism, its coordination mechanism, and its guarantee mechanism play a role. Research on the operation of one-to-one aid includes the discussion on its characteristics, foundation and objective. Relevant theories, patterns and operations constitute the framework for theoretical analysis.The fourth chapter describes the course and evolution of the one-to-one aid. This chapter makes the induction and the summary to its course, types and law of evolution. Based on the retrospection of its evolution, the paper divides the course into three stages:ignorance, exploration and deepen stage, and also summarizes the stage characteristics. There are several division methods according to the difference of the donor's category, regularity, profitableness or areas. This paper explains different tasks and characteristics of one-to-one aid classified by these methods. Through the analysis of the course and the types, the law of its evolution is summarized below:Enhanced cooperation, incentive increases, as well as a wider range and more accurate field. The study on the course and evolution of one-to-one aid provides a basis for research in subsequent chapters.The fifth chapter is the performance evaluation of one-to-one aid. It draws so me conclusions according to the general performance evaluation of the two recipie nts as Xinjiang, Tibet and the donors. As for Xinjiang, the financial assistance take s a huge role, the industry aid shows significant effectiveness, the people's liveliho od aid effectiveness gradually slowed, and the intelligence assistance have the pote ntial. As for Tibet, the financial aid is indispensable, the industry aid shows little ef fectiveness, the people's livelihood aid takes great role, and the intelligence assista nee potential is very abundant. The assistant donors have benefits as well as losses. The benefits mainly include political benefits, economic benefits and social benefi ts. The losses mainly include economic losses, frictions in cooperation and cost co ordination etc. Finally, the conclusions are as follows:one is the implementation o f one-to-one aid policy is still very necessary; two is the recipient needs to build th e capacity for self-development in the long-term sustainable development; three is the donors need strong incentives to make the aid ongoing.The sixth chapter is the reference to the experiences of other countries. This chapter describes the backward areas of foreign countries assistance measures on their own, and summarizes the experience that China can learn from. There are many countries that we can learn from, such as the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Japan, Germany, Brazil and so on. We can get reference from these countries in many ways, such as the development of regional economy; promote balanced development between regions and the government's aid policy.The seventh chapter describes the transition in the new period. In the new historical stage, the domestic and international economic situation has undergone great changes. The growth of the domestic economy changes from the planned economy to the market economy. The openness of economy changes from the closed economy to the open economy. The economy becomes strength to a great level. The concept of development turns from only the pursuit of the quantity increasing to the sustainable development, green economy, circular economy and low carbon economy. According to the changes in the macroeconomic situation, one-to-one aid also needs new requirement. Aid is no longer just the pursuit of the indicators improvement in economic developing, but pays more attention to political stability and national unity to increase the degree of civilization of a society. Aid is no longer just simply considering about short-term interests but also long-term sustainable development and the benefits of the environmental protection. Aid can not only to mobilize domestic strength but also to attract foreign capital to support assistance. Facing these new requirements, one-to-one aid has also undergone a positive transition. The target of aiding changes from a single economic objective to the improvement of people's livelihood, the enhancement of the development potential and the increasing of the social civilization degree. The body of aiding changes from the central government to the pattern that dominated by the central government and supplemented by local governments, business groups and non-governmental organizations. The content of the aiding changes from financial aid, talent aid, education aid to a multi-field aid system. This multi-field aid system is in involved with livelihood, intelligence, industry and other fields, which includes infrastructure construction, medical and health services, technical personnel assistance, cadres'assistance, education assistance, economic and technical cooperation in enterprises and the construction of Industrial Park. The process of aiding changes from the short-term assistance to the long-term cooperation.The eighth chapter describes the issues and policy recommendations to one-to-one aid. The main issue of one-to-one aid is lack of scientific planning, coordination mechanism, institutional system, safeguard mechanism and long-term cooperation. Based on the analysis and exposition of these issues, the paper proposes policy recommendations to solving these issues. Finally, the paper makes the prospects for future research hoping to conduct in-depth research in the recipient area aiming; aid donors benefit evaluation; innovation of aid modalities.The key chapter of this study is the third chapter, the fifth chapter and the seventh chapter. The main points of this paper are formed as follows:Firstly, the stage of one-to-one aid belongs to "deepen" stage. Comparing "deepen" stage to "explore" stage, aid develops to the depth direction and becomes more targeted. Secondly, the development direction of one-to-one aid is regional cooperation; therefore, industry assistance is a good way to achieve long-term cooperation between the regions. Thirdly, in the new historical stage, the aiding target, subject, content and processes are experiencing a transition of diversification and long-term one. Fourthly, one-to-one aid is on its direction to institutionalization and legalization.