Study On The Order Of Grassroots Governance And Its Shaping In The Transition Period—

The theme of this study is to explore the plastic machine of the basic government order under the core axis of the "state and society".In contrast,the grassroots social governance is a micro and systematic fundamental governance project.Therefore,the observation and research on the grassroots governance has important reference value and practical significance to the whole administrative reform.In the stage of the reform of administrative system in China,the state authority has undermined the traditional social integration order,which is the core of rural elites in the process of gradual subsidence.At the same time,the national level aims to re-organize the grass-roots social order through the construction of the top-down state power,which has a significant and far-reaching impact on the practice of grassroots social governance.At present,the mainstream view of grassroots governance research is that the rural grassroots political power is not a typical bureaucratic organization,but it also has certain autonomy and self-interest value orientation;more informal local social resources are transferred and integrated into the process of grass-roots administration,except the formal power resources.The above viewpoint clarifies two elements that apply to the practice of grassroots governance,that is,exogenous institutional logic originating from the state and generative institutional logic originating from the society;It is a good response to the question that "why is the practice of grass-roots governance not designed according to the system".Therefore,this study focuses on the question:what is the real state of grass-roots governance practices?And why does the grass-roots society present such governance form?Can the state construct a rational and modem governance order in the grassroots society through the establishment of political power?What are the differences between the "real"order of grassroots social governance and the "should" order of administrative system design?What's the connection between the basic governance order and the bureaucracy and the grassroots society?This paper is based on the theories of new institutionalism,field and habitus,to construct an analytical framework of"organizational field—institutional logic—endogenous order" to analyze the relationship between the basic social governance space,governance logic and governance order.In this analytical framework,"organizational field" refers to a recognized institutional life field composed of aggregated organizations,"organizational field" is the practice space of the"institutional logic",it has the core characteristics of objectivity,independence and social history,and the field of public administration in the administrative region of the township is the main aspect of the grassroots governance space;"Institutional logic" is a collection of various standards and various principles that social actors follow in "organizational field","Institutional logic" provides various basis and legal basis for the practice of governance;"The endogenous order" is a product.created by social actors in "practice".The process of social governance is also a process of constructing social order,The governance order has the characteristics of self-initiated spontaneity,locality and contingency.With the above theoretical framework,this paper selects W town government of S county,Xiangxi Prefecture of Hunan province as the field investigation point,in the description and analysis of many governance practices,it explains the influence factors of the social governance order and the molding mechanism in the period of transformation.The township government as the most basic part of the administrative sequence of China,its structural characteristics such as the function establishment?resource structure and operation mechanism are bound to be influenced and regulated by the national macro-political system and the bureaucratic management system.The organizational structure and the regular system established by the country and superior government not only give the basis of political legitimacy and legal legality,but also provides various bases and resources for its governance practice.In particular,the structural position of the township government in the national administrative system,this determines the role definition and administrative function of its "the last kilometer of policy implementation";the reform of tax assignment system and the financial operation mode determine the resource endowment of the township government is relatively weak,which limits its governance authority and operational capability to a certain extent;In the pressure-type system,the national level adopts an incentive mechanism that combines the "high-index" and the "official post" and urges the township government to fully invest in the grass-roots administrative process in order to achieve scientific and efficient governance.It can be seen that the national level aims to regulate the grassroots administrative process through some institutional arrangements in the bureaucratic system,furthermore,to ensure the efficiency and stability of the governance practices.At the same time,the township government is a grassroots level administrative organization,the governance habitus that fine combine the local experience,values and ethical norms also have an important impact on the practices of the grassroots governance.The habitus is an important basis for estimating behavioral benefits and selecting action strategies,and the management habitus helps the grass-roots administrators to grasp better and automatically match the corresponding governance situation,thus generating relatively secure governance strategies.At the same time,the governance habitus make the basic administration to avoid the defiance and blame for its violence and unkindness,which from the grassroots society and people,to some extent,it has laid a foundation for the social legitimacy of the grassroots administrative process.From the perspective of the grassroots management practices,the basic governance field is a wrestling field filled with many factors,there are some exogenous elements,such as national policies and regulations and rules and regulations,as well as the basic elements of local community and public order,these elements compete,conflict and overlay with each other,and work together in the process of the grassroots governance practices,which has spawned many "separate name from object" phenomena in the field of the grassroots governance,that constitutes the normal situation of grassroots governance in the social transformation period.Thus it can be seen that the grassroots governance practice presents a characteristic of the contingency,this contingency gives the grassroots administration with considerable flexibility and space,which could integrate multiple organization goals?resort to multiple rules and use kinds of governance strategies,to mitigate and balance the great tension between the national administrative system and the grassroots society.On this basis,in the field of the grassroots governance,a grassroots governance order is generated and shaped,which is different from the holistic order of the national design plan and the traditional regulations of rural society.Based on the above analysis,this paper aims to emphasize that:First,through examining the influencing factors of the power operation of the township government and the logic of action,we can see that the modern public governance order that the country is trying to establish has not yet been established in the grassroots society.The grassroots governance field has its unique governance logic and governance order..Second,the grassroots governance order,is not based on the popular hypothesis of national center theory or social center theory,but based on an inspect that created by an endogenous interpretation path for local governance order.It is impossible for the grassroots governance order to be completely assimilated by the the order of modern public administration which the state intends to construct,and it is more impossible to be inferred from the holistic system of bureaucracy,it has always been the product of the partial,regional and contingency of the whole national governance order.Thirdly,there are a lot of "country" and"social" elements in the shaping process of the grassroots governance,but it is neither "country"nor "society" The state and society in the field of grassroots governance are involved in a progressive shaping relationship,the shaping and reconstruction of the grassroots governance order has gradually become a universal problem in the process of the modernization transformation of the national governance.Fourth,attention to the endogenous order in multiple institutional logic,actually is from the perspective of institutional change,but the direction and effect of the transition depend greatly on the competition and interaction between the system logic.