Research On The Construction Of The Soviet State Under The Leadership Of The CPSU

State-building refers to the process of transformation from a traditional state to a modern state.Any nation-state will inevitably go through this process after achieving independence of sovereignty,but due to their different starting points,national structures and political systems,they generally show diversity and variety in the modes and paths of construction.For the capitalist countries in Europe and America,the state comes before the political party,and generally the process of building a modern state can be started naturally on a favorable basis after completing the task of revolutionary founding.But for the economically and culturally backward countries such as the Soviet Union and China,political party comes before the state,after completing the task of revolutionary founding,the backward economy and culture determines that not like the Western country,it's difficult to start and complete the task of state-building directly by the power of the state.And then it highlights the leadership of the proletarian government,which requires the power of the party to promote the process of state building from the outside.As the first socialist country in the world,the Soviet state-building led by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union(CPSU)is the first attempt of socialist statebuilding,especially 1917-1936 after the victory of the October Revolution,faced with the dual tasks of consolidating political power and state-building,the form of partystate,which was starting from Lenin's exploration and setting down in Stalin's initial stage,provided a new choice for the state-building of socialist country,not only determined the development of the Soviet Union,but also exceeded the scope of one country and became a model for all socialist countries to learn.The leadership of the Communist Party is the essential feature of socialism,the form of party-state gives full play to the advantages of the Party leadership and the socialist system,but also correspondingly highlighted how to adhere to the leadership of the party and dispose the relationship between the party and the state,Lenin and Stalin thought about it successively and accumulated both positive and negative experiences.Systematically combing the changes of the Soviet Communist Party's thought and practice of statebuilding in the two periods,will have great significance to comprehensively understand the connotation of the Party leadership,adhere to the Party leadership principles,bring the Party leadership into full play,and correctly handle the relationship between the party and the state in the socialist modern state-building in the new era.On the basis of referring to and absorbing the formerly relevant research results of the Soviet Union,this thesis makes a panoramic analysis of the Soviet state-building under the leadership of the CPSU,which can be divided into three parts.Firstly,this thesis reviews the Marxist state theory and the background of the early Soviet regime,which is the prerequisite for understanding the Soviet state-building.Marx and Engels,the revolutionary mentors,studied the problems of the state in their early years,and discussed the questions of Russian village community and revolution,which is the theoretical sources of the Soviet state-building.The objective factors such as Russian historical tradition,the international environment,the national conditions of the statebuilding,the characteristics of the Bolshevik party and the October Revolution directly determine the path choice of the Soviet Communist Party to lead the construction of the country.Then reviews the process of Soviet state-building led by the CPSU from Lenin to Stalin in four fields: politics,economy,ideology and society.Among them,Lenin's exploration and reflection on the Soviet state-building is the main part,this thesis summarizes the development of the management system in various fields during Lenin's period,the principles of the party's management in various fields put forward by Lenin and the preliminary construction of the management system.Stalin's early days in power were a period of rapid development of the Soviet Union,although his thinking on state-building was not as deep as Lenin,but it was a critical period for the formation of the Soviet state-building model,this thesis also inspected Stalin's thought of state-building and summarized the characteristics and limitations of the management system established by Stalin in various fields.Finally,based on the discussion of the first two parts,this thesis makes an overall analysis of the Soviet state-building,summarizes the characteristics of the Soviet state-building under the leadership of the CPSU from the perspective of the relationship among “political party,nation and society”,analyses the limitations of the revolutionary mentor's thought of statebuilding,and examines the dual effects of the Soviet state-building under the leadership of the CPSU in the historical process of the Soviet Union considered the background of the times.This thesis holds that although the CPSU adhered to the Party leadership principle in the state-building,its understanding of this principle is superficial and unilateral,and failed to lead the state-building in a correct way.After the establishment of the Soviet regime,Lenin realized in practice that for such an agricultural country as Russia,it is difficult for a modern state to grow from within independently,in this case,he put forward the Party leadership principle,aiming at transforming and reshaping the nation and society by relying on the Party's strength.However,limited by time and knowledge,Lenin only proposed that the party should carry out “general leadership”,but failed to accurately divide the functions of the party and the state,and didn't solve specific the problems such as how to carry out the general leadership of the party and how to implement the Party leadership principle in various fields of management.When Stalin came to power,he only inherited Lenin's thought in theory and emphasized to adhere to the leadership of the party,but he was deeply influenced by traditional and revolutionary thinking,choosing to strengthen the Party leadership by controlling the state in an all-round way with the party's organizational strength and covering the affairs of the state in an all-round way,actually deviated from Lenin's thought.Although it helped the Soviet Union achieve political unity and economic rise rapidly in a specific historical period,but it plunged the CPSU into cumbersome state management affairs,hindered the party's construction and restrained the development of the state.Owing to the CPSU adhered to this wrong construction model for a long time,the advantage of Party leadership gradually lost,the development of the Soviet Union stagnated,and eventually becoming an important factor in the disintegration of the Soviet Union.It's precisely because lack of attention and cannot solve a series of problems related to the Party leadership and the state-building during the process of studying the Soviet Union,socialist countries such as China and Eastern Europe have also experienced similar development trajectories with the Soviet Union,Eastern European countries have even changed their flags in succession,which has frustrated the world socialist movement.After the setback of the Soviet Union's construction,the state-building led by the Communist Party of China(CPC)took the lead in breaking through the shackles of the Soviet building model,clarified the relationship between the Party leadership and the state-building,established the building path of socialism with Chinese characteristics,re-stimulated the development potential of the state form of political parties.Based on the historical lessons of the Soviet Union and the experience of China's transformation,this thesis holds that the party-state is a form fit for socialist state-building,we should not deny the party-state form because of the failure of the CPSU,let alone the Party leadership and the socialist system.The modern state is the goal of socialist statebuilding,so the party-state is only an intermediate form,and the Party leadership is the means and guarantee of building a modern state.We must always take the modern state as the goal,understand and adhere to the Party leadership principle around achieving the country's prosperity and strength and the benefit of the people,and cannot reverse the relationship between purpose and means as the CPSU did,go against the party's purpose and the essential requirements of socialism in order to strengthen the Party leadership.After more than 40 years of reform and opening up,the CPC has a more mature grasp of the Party leadership law,the leadership system of the Party “overall situation and coordination of all quarters” has been established,realizes the Party's political,ideological and organizational leadership of the state,and promotes the scientific,standardized and institutionalized relationship between the Party and the state.Now,as the socialist modernization has entered a new historical period,correctly adhering to the Party leadership is still a problem that needs to be treated with caution and often said to be new,we must adjust the Party leadership system with the times,strengthen the party's overall leadership and unified central leadership over the state,coordinate the modernization transformation of the Party and the state,and then we can ensure the steady and far-reaching development of the socialist cause.