Lenin's Ideological Research On Building Soviet Democracy

The concept of democracy is one of the main contents of Marxist theory,and Lenin's idea of Soviet democracy is an important part of Marxist concept of democracy.On the eve of the October Revolution in 1917 and after the victory of the revolution,Lenin did in-depth theoretical reflection and conducted practical exploration on a series of issues about what kind of democracy the proletarian state regime should realize and how to carry out proletarian democracy.On the basis of inheriting the proletarian democratic thought of Marx and Engels and considering the international political situation and national conditions of Soviet Russia,Lenin gradually formed and developed the Soviet democratic thought.Throughout Lenin's Soviet democracy thought,it has a transition from "idealized democracy" to "realistic democracy",that is,from the establishment of Paris Commune-style democracy to the construction of Soviet democracy.Around the October Revolution,Lenin advocated the establishment of a Paris Commune-style democratic system in Soviet Russia,that is,the masses of workers and peasants directly manage and supervise the country,directly elect and remove public officials,and put it into practice.However,in the practice of leading the construction of Soviet democratic system,Lenin realized that the democratic principle of Paris Commune was difficult to be implemented in Soviet Russia,because the overall cultural level and political quality of Soviet workers and peasants was not high.After the civil war,Lenin's democratic thought has undergone transformation and sublimation,and formed a reasonable and feasible Soviet democratic thought which was in line with the real needs of Russia.The main contents of Lenin's transformation of developing Soviet democracy include: from the people's "direct control of state power organs" to the party's management of state organs on behalf of the people;the direct management of enterprises by the masses of workers to the management of enterprises by state organs on behalf of workers;from direct supervision of public servants by the people to the combination of Party supervision,state supervision and legal supervision of public servants.The change of thought shows that Lenin's understanding of the road of democratic development in Russia is constantly deepening.This paper,closely follows Lenin's classical literature,not only talks about the transformation of Lenin's Soviet democratic thought,but also focuses on the interpretation of Lenin's thought on the construction of Soviet democracy that suits Russia's national conditions and actual needs after the end of the civil war in 1920.During this period,Lenin put forward the following ideas on how to build and consolidate Soviet democracy: First,the construction of Soviet democracy must adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party,that is,the Communist Party realizes proletarian democracy through trade unions,Soviet organizations and non-party worker and peasant representatives;Second,the construction of Soviet democracy must improve the management capacity of state institutions and oppose bureaucratism.Third,the construction of Soviet democracy must strengthen the construction of socialist legal system,that is,to formulate the Soviet Constitution to consolidate the Soviet democracy,to formulate laws in line with the demands and hopes of the masses of the people,to rely on the legal organs to protect the people's right to be masters of the country.The above three aspects are the main contents and practical exploration after the transformation of Lenin's democratic thought.Lenin's many discussions and practical explorations on Soviet democracy not only enriched and developed Marx and Engels' thoughts on proletarian democracy,but also guided and promoted the process of Soviet Russia's democratic construction,and provided enlightenment for other countries to construct democratic systems in the future.At present,the study of Lenin's Soviet democratic thought is still of great inspiration to the construction of socialist democratic politics in contemporary China.