The Research Of The Released Juveniles Returning To Society

The difficulties faced by the released juveniles in returning to society and the risk of destroying social order plague individual happiness and social harmony.Promoting the return of juveniles released from prison to society is of great significance to the healthy development of individual juveniles released from prison and the harmony and stability of society.Based on the perspective of social integration theory,this study regards the return of juveniles to society as a multi-level interactive process of psychological construction,group interaction and systematic integration of juveniles released from prison,that is,the process of juveniles released from prison returning to society is a continuum of social integration of psychological construction(micro-level),group interaction(meso-level),and systematic integration(macro-level).On this basis,focusing on the process and effect of the return of the released juveniles to society,the analytical framework of "space-time situation-psychological construction-group interaction-systematic interaction-integration effect-integration mechanism" for the released juveniles to return to society is constructed.This study holds that the process of returning to society is the process of psychological construction of individual self-identity,social identity and social acceptance,interaction with primary and secondary groups,and systematic interaction with economic,political and social subsystems in a specific social space-time situation.The psychological construction level,group interaction level,system interaction level and comprehensive level of social integration of juveniles released from prison are integration effects,and their influencing factors are integration mechanism.Based on a survey of 214 youth reentry through questionnaire and statistical analysis,the major findings are as follows:First,the social space-time regulations of juveniles released by prison are the basic situation for their return to society.In terms of social time,the grand social time situation in which globalization and local transformation work together creates better conditions for the return of released juveniles to society;the micro-social time situation in which juveniles are transformed from juveniles to adults and from prisons to society leads to the return of released juveniles to society being more complex.In terms of social space,the macro-level mobility space,the meso-level defamiliarization space and the micro-level individualization space shape the space environment for the return of juveniles released from prison to society.Secondly,the return of juveniles released from prison to society is a process of psychological construction at the micro level.The study found that more than 80%of the respondents identified with their self-identity,more than 70%believed that they had dreams and pursuits,and society could give them hope and opportunities;the social identity of the released juveniles was at a medium level,and three quarters of the released juveniles believed that they had a sense of group belonging and did not exclude themselves from their primary and secondary groups;nearly 90% of the released juveniles were interviewed.Those who believe that the juveniles released from prison do not have legal citizenship,no longer enjoy civil rights,can not be useful to the country,do not agree with understanding and tolerance of these people who have gone astray,do not agree with caring for and helping these people who have gone astray,and the cognitive level of accepting juveniles released from prison is very low;at the same time,most of the respondents are unwilling to communicate with juveniles released from prison and are unwilling to help them.Help them,the willingness to accept is at a moderately low level.Thirdly,Returning the juveniles released from prison to society is a process of group interaction at the meso-level.The study found that the level of acceptance of the status of prisoners in the primary group was low,and showed a decreasing trend in the order of family members,relatives and neighbours;family acceptance was at a medium level,and adolescents released from prison were cautious about participating in important family affairs.The support of the primary group is mainly manifested in providing housing and helping employment;the family support is at the middle level,and the support that different families can give and the degree of difference is obvious.Interaction between juveniles released from prison and primary groups is at a medium level,with the highest participation in friends’gathering and the lowest participation in community activities;juveniles released from prison mainly communicate with friends they made before imprisonment,friends they made in prison and friends they made after discharge.In terms of communication scale and frequency,they make the most friends and communicate most diligently after release from prison,and they make the least friends and communicate most frequently in prison.Low.Secondary groups pay more attention to the past experience of juveniles released from prison than primary groups,and their acceptance level is moderately low.The frequency of juveniles released from prison participating in the activities of secondary groups is low,at a moderately low level,and efforts to integrate into secondary groups are still insufficient.More than 80% of the released juveniles are satisfied with their family life,and their relationship with the members of the interactive group is on the upper middle level.They are arranged from high to low in the order of family members,relatives,friends,neighbors and colleagues.Overall,they show a gradually decreasing trend.The scores of friends they make after they leave prison are slightly higher than those they made before.Fourthly,Returning the juveniles released from prison to society is a process of interaction with the system at the macro level.The study found that the quality of employment of juveniles released from prison is not high,temporary employment and unemployment account for a large proportion,mainly concentrated in enterprises,individual business households and self-employed and self-employed units,with long working hours and low income level.Only 23% of the respondents believed that their economic income could maintain their basic livelihood,and more than 50% of the juveniles released from prison were able to obtain housing by way of "renting houses".About 30% of the respondents said that there was no kitchen,toilet or bathroom in the house,and the housing convenience was low.The institutional support of the political subsystem is embodied in the construction and improvement of laws and regulations to protect the rights of juvenile delinquents,the establishment of a placement and education system suitable for the physical and mental characteristics of juveniles released from prison;the employment(entrepreneurship)training,employment channels and employment support from the political subsystem(including prisons,placement and education institutions,etc.)are very weak;The situation of resettlement service is very unsatisfactory,and the satisfaction degree of resettlement service and help is very low.Employment promotion from social subsystems has been presented,but its role is very limited,and the rate of housing borrowing from charitable organizations is very small;the rate of social work services actually received by juveniles released from prison is very low(14.5%-25.2%)and their satisfaction with social work services is also quite low;despite the difficulties faced in the process of returning to society,more than 70% of the juveniles released from prison are satisfied with the classics.Economic and social life identity is relatively high.Fifthly,In terms of integration level,the psychological construction,group interaction and systematic interaction of social integration of juveniles released from prison are all at a higher level,showing a trend of decreasing "psychological construction-group interaction-system interaction",while the comprehensive level of social integration shows a low,high,medium and low level of 6:3:1.Ninety percent of the juveniles released from prison are at a medium level.A high level of social integration.In terms of influencing factors,the integration of attitude,employment support and family material support has a very significant positive impact on the psychological construction level of juveniles released from prison,and has a relatively significant positive impact on social work attitude.Flow status and family material support have a very significant positive impact on the group interaction level of juveniles released from prison,and marriage relationship has a significant positive impact,while serving.The length of sentence has a more significant negative impact.The three independent variables of social workers’attitudes,educational level and length of release have very significant,relatively significant and significant positive effects on the systematic interaction level of juveniles released from prison.Integration attitude,employment support,mobility status,attitude of social workers,length of release from prison have a positive correlation with the comprehensive level of social integration of juveniles released from prison.Among them,the positive impact of integration attitude is very significant.Employment support and attitude of social workers have a significant positive impact,and length of release from prison has a significant positive impact.Based on the above findings,this study puts forward four suggestions to promote the youth reentry’s social integration:Firstly,we could establish a criminal treatment system that promotes youth reentry.The execution model may be reformed to promote the transformation of juvenile delinquency from imprisonment to community correction.The predecessor system also may be reformed to promote the transition of the criminal records of juveniles from the closure system to the eradication system of the former.Secondly,we should construct a mechanism of accurate helping to promote youth reentry.We will promote the informatization of the system of the resettlement management,establish a mechanism for accurate assessment of youth reentry,and establish a mechanism for accurate education of youth reentry.Thirdly,we could build a social acceptance mechanism that promotes the return of youth reentry.We must appropriately publish the proper citizenship and status of juveniles in order to promote the acceptance of the general public.We must conduct scientific propaganda on the concept of modern social punishment and promote social inclusion.Fourthly,we need to build a model of social governance for the youth reentry’s social integration.It is necessary to establish a multi-level coordination mechanism for government organizations,market organizations,and social organizations that promote the social integration of juveniles released by punishment to promote the transform of the resettlement system from administrative governance to social governance and to establish a professional social service team to promote social integration of youth reentry.