A Study Of The Ideas Of "Rule Of Virtue" In "Qunshu Zhiyao"

“Qunshu Zhiyao” is a book of governance and administration completed by Weng Zheng and others who follow Taizong's command in the early years of“Zhenguan”.This book extracts sixty-eight pre-Tang classics,including twelve species of Confucian classics,forty-eight species of the works of saints and sages,and eight species of histories.The book is compiled in fifty volumes.However,due to the backwardness of document preservation technology,underdeveloped printing,frequent wars,and the narrowness of the spread of this book,after the Southern Song Dynasty,“Qunshu Zhiyao” was lost in China.Fortunately,the book was brought to Japan by Japanese envoys,and subsequently attracted the attention of the Japanese royal family.Several versions appeared in the process of circulation,and then returned to China in the early years of “Jiaqing”.“Qunshu Zhiyao” is an “Yicun”book,so it has important research value of documentary.Moreover,many excerpts from the Tang Dynasty have been completely lost,so it also has important research value of documentary.At the same time,the ideas contained in “Zhiyao” also have a time-honored value of “Ti” and "Yong".Therefore,it is very useful to be a model to study traditional Chinese thought.In addition,the content of “Qunshu Zhiyao” is based on the rule of virtue and the general outline of Confucianism.The arguments on governing the country and governing politics are all centered on rule of virtue.Therefore,the study of the idea of rule of virtue in “Qunshu Zhiyao” complies with the codifying features of Confucian classics as the key link the mutual reference of the works of saints and sages and histories and broad and important.It can also excavate the historical value and practical significance of rule of virtue.Confucius said “rule of virtue,such as Beichen,where all the stars live.” The word rule of virtue first appeared in The Analects of Confucius,which not only reflects the political pursuit of Confucius,but also is the central idea expressed in“Qunshu Zhiyao”.Scholars from ancient and modern times have explored the nature and connotation of rule of virtue,and have basically formed two definitions of inaction and rule of virtue.On this basis,this article examines the original meanings of “Zheng” and “De”,traces back to the source of the commentary in “Qunshu Zhiyao ·Lun Yu” and combines the overall thoughts of “Qunshu Zhiyao”.Re-explained that inaction is the result of rule of virtue and rule of virtue is the content of inaction.This not only makes the two stand sides by side as the dual connotation of rule of virtue,but also opens a two-way channel of rule of virtue.From the perspective of ontology,rule of virtue fits into the “Shan” of “Dao”,This can be demonstrated by analyzing the relationship between “De” and “Dao”,“Zheng” and“Dao”.This shows that politics can have the “Shan” nature of ontology only when combined with morality.However,“Shan” cannot just stop in the metaphysical void realm,but also needs to return to “Shan” into “Hao” to ensure the realistic value of rule of virtue.From the perspective of value,rule of virtue fits into the “Hao” of“Qi”,and it can also be analyzed from the relationship between “Zheng” and “Qi”and “De” and “Qi”.It shows that “Shan” is the premise of “Hao” for rule of virtue,and the argument for putting “Shan” into “Hao” finally makes rule of virtue possess the double legitimacy of ontology and value.Although the nature of “Shan” and “Hao” constitutes the legitimacy of rule of virtue.in the real world,there are some things that are both “Shan” and “Hao”,such as flowers in a mirror and moon in the water being kept aloof by people.Therefore,It is necessary to further demonstrate the operating logic of rule of virtue in order to ensure its authenticity.The logic of rule of virtue can be discussed progressively from three aspects: theoretical conception,historical verification and philosophical reflection.In terms of theoretical conception,the idea of “Sheng Wang Yi Ti” ensures a combination of politics and morality.The concepts of “Nei Sheng Wai Wang,Xuan Xian Yu Neng” and “Wai Wang Nei Sheng,Zun Li Shou De” provide the ideal of institutional guarantee for monarch and official under a feudal ruler.In terms of historical verification,“De Bu Pei Wei,Bi You Zai Yang” and “Ju Zhi Cuo Zhu Wang,Guo Luan Zhi Ben” has verified the serious consequences of separation of politics and morality corresponding to the roles of monarch and official under a feudal ruler.Moreover,according to the identification of the relationship between policy and morality based on the perspective of historical progress,scholars in the field of history have shown that the conclusion that “Tian Ming Mi Chang,Yi De Pei Tian” is a historical evolution deduced from the objective experience,which makes the concept of rule of virtue pass the historical test and pose the authenticity.In terms of philosophical reflection,the perspective of the argument define the three stages of“Qin Chong Tian Dao,Yong Bao Tian Ming”“Huang Tian Wu Qin,Wei De Shi Fu”“De Wei Shan Zheng,You Tian Zhi Min”.the different stages from low to high have made for politics and virtue as the different stages of development from low to high of human understanding Which make rule of virtue be an inevitable result consistent with the law of human understanding.Therefore,after the theoretical system conception,historical experience verification,and profound perspective of philosophy,the operation of rule of virtue possess the authenticity.“Shan” “Hao” and “Zhen” ensure the legitimacy and authenticity of rule of virtue.However,lacking of the feasibility of practice will make rule of virtue seem fascinate but unattainable for politicians.With the continuous advancement of philosophical thinking,the practical purpose of rule of virtue is transformed from a transcendent sky into a realistic person.This abstraction to concrete cognitive model ensures rule of virtue to find a basis in the world of experience.At the same time,the transformation also opens up a concrete practice path of rule of virtue.Moreover,the essential nature of politics is to promote better lives for its members.Therefore,the practical feasibility of rule of virtue all revolves around policy of benevolence that is people oriented.According to the level of human needs,the specific content of people-oriented can be met progressively from the basic needs,material needs,and spiritual needs of the people.Correspondingly,politicians can practice from three levels: the way of cultivating the people,the policy of enriching the people,and the means to teach the people.Life and death are the basic needs of people.In terms of the way of cultivating the people,the politicians can conform to the human nature from the environment of “Shen Zhan Gui Sheng”“Xing Qi Yu Wu Xing” and the food supply of “Zhong Nong Gu Ben”.Enrich people are the intermediate link between cultivating and teaching people.In terms of the policy of enriching the people,the consumption of “Chong Jian Jie She,Jian Yi Yang De” reflects the character of not competing with the people for profit and self-denial;Compared with“Qing Yao Bao Fu,Shi Min Yi Yi”,the latter refers directly to the politician,and because of civilized,reasonable,and reasonable elements,it has become an effective way to enrich the people.“Bu Min Bu Zu,Qi Ke Xiao Kang” is a secondary distribution on the basis of “Qing Yao Bao Fu ”,which can effectively play a role in promoting people's livelihood and making up for shortcomings.It is an inevitable choice for the politicians to enrich the people.The demand for morality and freedom is the highest stage of human needs.In terms of the policy of the means to teach the people,“Yi De Hua Min,Ming De Wei Xin” clearly defines the morality is a noble attribute peculiar to human beings,and moral education is an effective method to awaken people's moral capabilities through moral norms.“Dun Lun Jin Fen,Jia Guo Tong Gou”paints the content of “Wu Lun” with filial piety as the core and projected to the monarch and his subjects,couples,brothers and friends.Family education school education social education religious education,etc.have constituted the education methods of “Xing Shi Duo Yang,Xun Xiu Shi Zhong”.Through the enrichment and guidance of cultivating the people,enriching the people,and teaching the people,rule of virtue has become practically feasible.Based on the literature materials of “Qunshu Zhiyao”,this article researches the thought of rule of virtue from the aspects of legitimacy,authenticity,and feasibility,and explains the philosophical outline of rule of virtue.At the same time,a comprehensive understanding of the nature of rule of virtue,a deep understanding of the logic of rule of virtue,and a practical grasp of the practice of rule of virtue can also provide inspiration for contemporary political construction.