A Study On The Symbiosis And Game Between American Government And Media In The New Media Era

The discussion on the relationship among power,media and democracy has always been a key research topic in the fields of journalism sociology,political communication,communication political economics,media culture criticism and so on.In the United States,mass media is a tool of democracy and plays an effective role in democratic system.The first amendment to the Constitution and many subsequent cases have effectively guaranteed the freedom of the press in law.As the fourth estate,news media plays an important role as a supervisor in the relationship of American government.Of course,the government will also react to the media through various means of hard control and soft control.Therefore,the relationship between the media and the government should not be simply understood as a fraternal or independent relationship.The two sides are a symbiotic relationship,working relationship and supervision relationship.The rapid development of new media,especially social media,has brought challenges and variables to the relationship between government and media.In the face of technological,economic and social changes,the relationship between the government and the media has become more complex.The most critical issue is whether the relationship between the government and the media in the new media era continues the symbiosis and game in the traditional media era,and whether there will be some new changes.lt is of great theoretical and practical significance to study this problem.This paper starts with the analysis of the historical reasons for the formation of American government and media.Firstly,it expounds the Democratic gene of the separation and balance of American politics and the concept shaping of American media freedom,and makes a historical analysis of the intersection of the two relations,so as to understand the relationship between the government and media before and at the beginning of the development of mass media.In the political environment of pursuing freedom,equality and democracy,the pursuit of freedom of speech and freedom of press is also a matter of course.With the development of press and media,freedom of speech and freedom of press as individual rights eventually extend to the level of press freedom.John Milton,John Mill,Paine,Thomas Jefferson and other sages carried forward the theory of press freedom.From the open market of views to the confirmation of press freedom in law,to the formation and development of the theory of media social responsibility.The idea of freedom of the press has taken shape.The emergence of popular newspapers and magazines has made a fundamental change in the relationship between the government and newspapers.Because they no longer rely on the government or political parties in terms of economic source,the popular press began to move towards non partisanship,neutrality and professionalism.The second part of the paper expounds the relationship between American government and media in the era of traditional media.In the 20th century,with the formation of American mass media,the concept of journalistic professionalism has gradually formed.The relationship between American government and media is characterized by symbiosis and game.The third part focuses on the main characteristics of the relationship between American government and media in the new media era.On the whole,in the new media era,the relationship between the U.S.government and the media has not changed substantially.Because the fundamental factors determining the relationship between the two are the political system and the constitution of the United States.As the fourth estate,the orientation of news media will not be shaken by the emergence of new media.The American tradition of dealing with news for a hundred years and the idea of journalistic professionalism that the news media has not disappeared determine that the relationship between the media and the government will not change fundamentally.In the new media era,the relationship between American government and media is still the relationship of symbiosis and game.Technological changes in new media have strengthened this relationship in some ways.From the perspective of the game between the two sides,the public uses social media to launch political activities against the government;the government supervises the network security and controls the network public opinion;the government uses anti-monopoly,review and other ways to limit social media.In addition,the paper also makes a specific study of the relationship between the U.S.government and the media from the aspects of ideology,content production and external communication.From the perspective of the political ecological environment in the United States,there are some problems that can not be ignored,including post truth politics,political polarization between the two parties,identity crisis,populism,etc.,while the media is characterized by the proliferation of false news,asymmetric polarization of the network,the rise of alternative space,especially the alternative right-wing media.Political and media influences are intertwined.Of course,new media may bring about the formation of network democracy and network public sphere.From the perspective of content production,this paper analyzes the changes of content production and news production methods of the government and politicians,institutional news media,key opinion leaders and the general public in the new media environment,and deeply understands the relationship between the government and the media.From the perspective of foreign communication,the U.S.government can make full use of new media to carry out public diplomacy,which can be divided into three stages:public diplomacy 1.0,public diplomacy 2.0,and public diplomacy under the priority and realism of the United States.Through the detailed analysis and elaboration of the above content,the main point of the paper is:New media contributes to the deepening of the relationship between the U.S.government and the media in some aspects,such as the deepening of the government's control over the people through technical means;the new power subjects brought by the empowerment of social media;the status of traditional journalism is affected by the government;the status of the public in the tripartite game is improved,etc.In addition,the symbiosis and game relationship between the U.S.government and the media is essentially the reflection and projection of the opposition and collusion between the political and capital relations.As long as the power structure of capitalist elite politics still exists,and the capital attribute of media remains unchanged,the symbiosis and game relationship between them will always exist.