Research On Socio-economic Conditions Of Delayed Retirement Age In Typical Countries

With the further deepening of the aging,the pressure of pension payment will become the main constraint of the government's public governance.Countries around the world mainly ease the payment pressure caused by aging by increasing the contribution rate,reducing pension payments and delaying the retirement age.Delaying the retirement age as the main means to balance the contribution of an individual's career in his life course and the benefits he enjoys after retirement has become an important choice for countries all over the world to alleviate aging and their derived social problems.The retirement age policy is constantly evolving,and the delayed retirement policy is an adaptive choice made by the retirement age policy with changes in social and economic conditions and other constraints.The development and evolution of delayed retirement policies in many countries,as well as the differences in the methods and effects of delayed retirement,are closely related to the socioeconomic conditions at the time.The purpose of this study is to seek a theoretical framework of reasonable policy support conditions through the study of the socio-economic conditions of delayed retirement policies in typical foreign countries,in order to be able to objectively determine the constraints of the introduction and implementation of delayed retirement policies for our country.In this way,policies can be implemented smoothly during the period when the three sources of problems,politics and policy are coupled.With the development and changes of social and economic conditions,all countries are committed to being able to integrate more characteristics of social life history into individual life history in the adjustment of retirement age,so that the formulation and adjustment of retirement age policy can be more and more highlights the intervention and intervention in the life course of the individual labor force in different social life processes.The retirement age policy has undergone a transition from natural retirement to forced retirement in the early days of industrial society,from the “one size fits all” in the late industrial society to the evolution of a flexible,optional retirement model.The retirement age policy will eventually become a diversified development model with individual heterogeneous behaviors,and thegovernment will gradually withdraw from intervening in people's cessation of labor supply due to old age.Since human society has entered an aging life course,delaying the retirement age has become a policy choice to cope with changes in specific social and economic conditions.Based on the theoretical basis of institutional economics,the research and analysis framework for the socio-economic conditions of the evolution of the retirement age policy is constructed from three aspects: the evolution of the retirement age system,the constraints of the evolution of the retirement age system and the policy game of the evolution of the retirement age system.The three aspects of policy evolution and policy environment,socio-economic conditions and policy evolution,constraints and policy choices are used to demonstrate the mutual coupling between retirement age policy evolution,socio-economic conditions and deferred retirement policy choices.It is pointed out that the delayed retirement policy is an adaptive choice under the constraints of a country's economic conditions,population structure conditions,political and cultural conditions and so on.Under the above analysis framework,a comparative analysis of the socio-economic conditions of delayed retirement policies in countries with smooth implementation of delayed retirement policies and blocked countries is carried out.They are all proposed in the period of economic damage or downturn,the emergence of the age structure of the population or the prediction of the acceleration of the aging trend,and the continuous increase in the average number of years of education;and the key to determining the success or failure of policy implementation is due to the power between the various stakeholders in the policy process differences in the game.In countries where policies have been implemented smoothly,the government has issued corresponding laws and regulations to restrict corporate employment behavior.The government provides economic incentives and intellectual support for employees to continue working.Employers and employees can rationally adjust their behavior patterns according to changes in external conditions,thus forming a relationship between policy stakeholders.The benign game mechanism is conducive to the smooth implementation of policies.In countries where the implementation of policies is blocked,theimplementation of policies has been blocked and even reversed due to the strong intervention of trade union interest groups and fierce party competition.An empirical analysis of the economic effects of delaying the implementation of retirement policies in two types of countries shows that no matter whether the policy is implemented smoothly or not,the delayed retirement policy can have a positive role in promoting the economic development of a country,and this effect appears especially obvious in France where the implementation of the policy is blocked.It follows that in the process of delaying retirement policy formulation and implementation,more attention should be paid to the social effects of the policy effect,and excessive political or economic policy objectives cannot be imposed on the process of delaying retirement policy,otherwise it will lead to constraints on the implementation of the policy misjudgment.The experience of typical countries shows that delayed retirement should be based on the socio-economic conditions to choose a progressive delayed retirement policy path,based on social effects to choose and design policy programs.Based on the analysis of the constraints of the current implementation of the delayed retirement policy in our country,the policy compliance and policy content of the implementation of the delayed retirement policy in our country are proposed.