The Research Of The Choice And Function Of The Policy Of Delayed Retirement Age Of Tpical Nations

The pension system of typical nations came across the increasing pressure from both inside and outside of the system after a rapid progress since the end of world war II until1970 S.The changes within the condition of society and economy had an impact towards the system,hence new policy consensus had been discovered and put into policy practice,while the issue of aging population had become increasingly important in the political area of typical nations.After three stages of reform,postponing retirement age become the common choice across different nations.This article discovers the policy mechanism by concluding the content of the reforms and analyzing the trend of the reforms combining the impact from the population aging towards the policy paradigm of typical nations.Firstly,this article concludes the reforms on pension system under the background of the deepening of population aging.By summing up the perfection of the system framework of pension system in various countries,summing up the basic characteristics of the development of pension system in various countries,and analyzing the evolution of the scope and mode of the impact of population aging on economic and social development,this paper puts forward that under the appearance of party politics deciding the orientation of pension policy,the political influence of trade unions is weakened,interest groups based on the claims of the elderly have become an important factor influencing policy choices,and have each played an impact in the context of differences in the political traditions and social systems of different countries.Secondly,it analyzes the evolution of pension policy reform and delayed retirement age policy in the process of deepening population aging.The policy of delaying retirement age is not a priority in typical national reform,and the process of entering policy practice from policy consensus has different causes and effects in the evolution of national policies.Based on this objective difference,this study focuses on the adjustment of the three basic elements of pension contribution rate,income substitution rate and contributory life in the change of pension policy,and analyzes the goal of delaying retirement age policy in different reform stages in typical countries.On the basis of the aforementioned research,this study analyzes the policy mechanism of delayed retirement age from two aspects.On the one hand,although the reform objectives of different stages are different,they are carried out in response to the deepening trend of population aging,and there is a logicalcontinuity of content between the various stages.Until the ageing of the population does not create substantial social and economic pressure,the goal of the policy of delaying retirement age in typical countries is to stimulate the vitality of the labour market;After the 1990 s,population ageing has put pressure on the pension system,and the policy of delaying retirement age has formally entered typical national policy practice as an important part of pension reform;After entering the 21 st century,population aging has put all-round pressure on social and economic development,policy response is no longer confined to specific areas,and the policy of delaying retirement age has become a conduit for the combination of policy adjustment in different fields.Based on the research above,this article discovers the policy mechanism of postponing retirement age from two aspects.Even different stage of reform had taken place under certain condition and had been set for certain result,but they are all under the same trend of population aging,there could be a logically continuity among the all timereforms through the contents.Before population aging could made a substantial pressure,the reform in typical nations set the target of reform on stimulating vitality on the labor market.By the 1990 s,population aging had brought pressure on the pension system,as a part of the reform,postponing retirement age formally became policy instead of being left to political discussion.In 21 stcentury population aging has been a bigger issue than it ever had been for society and economy,any policy response from single aspect has limited effect,the comprehensive policy framework towards the population aging is necessary and postponing retirement age could be the path to overcome the barriers among policy areas.On the other hand,the difference between the policy reform of delayed retirement age at different stages in typical countries lies not only in content,but also in policy choice and its function.Although the policy of delayed retirement age was originally developed as one of the auxiliary tools for the regulation of labour market policy,the policy function is relatively single,but with the increasing importance of pension system in the field of social policy,the policy of delaying retirement age has been paid more attention,and its policy development is closely related to the internal reform of pension system.The policy content has been expanded,the function is more perfect than before,and when the population aging in a typical country puts pressure on the overall social and economic operation,and the pension system is not enough to solve the risk of aging society,the policy of delaying retirement age becomes the channel to combine the pension system with the whole social and economic system.The development of the delayed retirement age policy began to focus on the functional promotion of institutional integration under the framework of social governance of ageing,and the policy choice of delayed retirement age emphasized the directional role of social governance structures.China also faces the challenge of aging population,and the population size and economic development reality determine that the pressure of China’s aging population is bound to be greater,in the case of delayed retirement age policy is imperative,not only to enrich the policy content,but also to take into account the rationality of the choice of policy functions at different stages,The policy of delaying retirement age is perfected from two levels of content and function selection.This study holds that the construction and improvement of China’s delayed retirement age policy needs to regulate the distribution of the relationship between the collective and individual responsibility of the State by system,establish the relationship between the length of service,the number of years of contributory service,the retirement age and the rate of pension replacement,and accurately locate the retirement system,The central objective of the policy of defining delayed retirement age is to expand the economically active population on the basis of institutional integration.