Research On The Impact Of Basic Public Services On The Urban-rural Consumption Gap

As the due meaning of building a well-off society in an all-round way,the relationship between residents' income distribution and the gap between urban and rural areas has always been one of the hot topics of concern for our government and academia.Since the central government proposed high-quality economic development,the fundamental role of consumption in economic development has returned to the government and academia.How to solve the mystery of high savings in China,stimulate consumption,especially rural residents,and improve rural residents 'happiness Access has become one of the main goals of our government.In recent years,in order to stimulate residents 'consumption,the Chinese government has implemented a series of agricultural benefits policies aimed at expanding farmers' income,such as the new rural cooperative medical security system in 2002,the rural minimum living security system in 2006,and the new farmers in 2009.These policies have played a positive role in improving the income distribution of residents,and have effectively restrained the widening of the income gap of residents to a certain extent.This shows that the improvement of the public service supply system can help narrow the gap,and improve urban-rural disparities and coordinate regions.An important path for balanced development.In reality,China's basic public service inequality is more prominent.The gap between urban and rural residents in basic education,medical care and social security has gradually widened.In order to effectively reduce the gap in public services and achieve fairness and justice in the provision of public services,ten The 7th,18 th,and 19 th National Congresses respectively made important arrangements for the improvement and equalization of the basic public service supply system in China.In addition,in addition to the uneven supply of public services,although the government 's investment in public services has continued to increase However,the fact that public service provision is still of low quality,especially the regional gap is the main source of the overall gap,and the realization of a better life for the people requires the government to continuously provide high-quality public services.Based on this,in the “Opinions on the Comprehensive Implementation of Budget Performance Management” promulgated by the State Council of China in 2018,the government budget performance management was further specified as a breakthrough point to improve the quality of public service supply.Aiming at the above problems,this article takes the inequality in the process of public service supply and the quality of public services as the perspective,and takes the gap between urban and rural consumption as the research object,and selects 2000-2017 as the sample observation period.The impact of the consumption gap.The article follows the analysis thinking of “Basic Theory Analysis-Action Mechanism and Model ConstructionStatus Analysis-Empirical Analysis-Policy Suggestions” to demonstrate,and draws the following conclusions: The gap between public services(inequality)is an important reason for the gap between urban and rural consumption,and Local fiscal imbalances have exacerbated the impact of public service gaps on urban and rural consumption gaps,and the impact of different types of public service gaps on urban and rural consumption gaps is heterogeneous;the quality of public services across China is generally low,and there are obvious regional gaps.Interregional disparities are its main source;improving the quality of public services helps to reduce the gap between urban and rural consumption and improve the overall welfare of society.The main mechanism mechanisms are increasing urbanization ratio,human capital level and government management efficiency,especially It is an area with high urbanization ratio and high level of human capital,and the effect of public service quality is most obvious.in particular:First,based on domestic and foreign research status on the gap between urban and rural consumption and the income distribution effects of public service gaps and quality of public services at home and abroad,a review of consumption theory,basic public service theory,and related concepts After the definition,on this basis,the impact of the quantity and quality of public services on the gap between urban and rural consumption was analyzed,and the mechanism was explained by constructing a mathematical model.The existence of public service gap was not conducive to reducing the gap between urban and rural consumption,and proved the gap between public services Although it is not the main factor that affects the gap between urban and rural consumption,it is also an important reason.Further narrowing the gap between public services is conducive to narrowing the gap between urban and rural consumption,and improving the quality of public services will also help narrow the gap between urban and rural consumption.Second,after combing the existing measurement methods of urban-rural income gap and urban-rural consumption gap,the Dagum Gini coefficient,Theil index,per capita consumption ratio,etc.are used to complete the regional and time-series decomposition of urban-rural consumption inequality,and examine its time and space.Evolution.From the perspective of China's consumption inequality,the gap between urban and rural consumption is the main source of the overall consumption gap,with an average contribution rate of about 70%.During the sample period,the inequality of consumption among China as a whole,in urban areas,rural areas,and between urban and rural areas showed a downward trend during the sample period.The size of each consumption gap was the overall national gap,the urbanrural consumption gap,the rural internal consumption gap,and the urban interior.Consumption gaps,in descending order of magnitude,are the urban-rural consumption gap,the national consumption gap,the rural internal consumption gap,and the urban urban consumption gap.The article also uses the Theil index and the per capita consumption ratio to test the correlation.Third,before further analyzing the impact of China 's basic public service quality on the gap between urban and rural consumption,first of all,we analyze the status and characteristics of China 's basic public service quality.Specifically,corresponding to the foregoing,we selected public services that are closely related to ordinary people such as basic education,medical care,and social security as the core content of the basic public service quality indicator system,and used the entropy index-TOPSIS method to evaluate Basic public service quality.In order to accurately analyze the characteristics of local public service quality in China,based on this,the Dagum Gini coefficient and subgroup decomposition method are used to scientifically measure and decompose the regional gaps and sources of basic public service quality in China.It is found that the quality of China's public services has improved from the initial stage of the sample,but it also shows obvious regional disparities.The areas with higher scores are concentrated in more developed areas such as the eastern coast,including Beijing,Shanghai,Zhejiang,and Tianjin.The areas with lower scores are Guizhou.,Yunnan,Jiangxi,Henan,Anhui,Guangxi and other provinces in the central and western regions.In terms of intra-regional disparities,the intra-regional disparities are the largest in the eastern region,the second in the western region,and the smallest in the central region,and they all show a downward trend overall.The internal gap in the eastern region showed a slow rise in fluctuations before 2006,and it slowly declined to the lowest value during the sample period from 2006 to 2014,and then showed an upward trend,but generally showed a slight decline;the central region is not only lower than the eastern region,It is also lower than the overall national level.Its overall change trend is shown as a flat “M” shape,which rises and falls in fluctuations.The internal gap in the western region also shows a downward trend.The degree of inequality during the sample period is lower than the national level and the eastern region.As far as the inter-regional gap is concerned,it also shows a downward trend as a whole,but the decline process is not the same.The regional gap between the central region and the western region is smaller than that of the east-central and east-west regions.From the perspective of the source and contribution of regional disparity,the interregional disparity contributes the most and is the main source of the overall disparity,with an average of about 41.8%,followed by the intraregional disparity,with an average of about 31.36%,and finally the hypervariable density part.In the end,this article believes that the key to reducing the gap in public service quality and promoting equalization of public services is to reduce the gap between regions.Fourth,because the measurement of the number of public services in the literature does not form a unified conclusion,this article proves its impact on the gap between urban and rural consumption from the perspective of the unevenness of the number of public services.Medical and health gaps and social security gaps.The basic conclusion that the existence of the gap in public services is not the main reason for the widening of the gap between urban and rural consumption has been researched and proved.The basic conclusion is that the role of promoting equalization of public services in reducing the gap between urban and rural consumption has been proved.Appropriate instrumental variables.In this paper,the lagging one and two lagging phases of the explanatory variables are selected as instrumental variables.Remedial measures are taken for endogenous testing.At the same time,a three-stage least squares method and a two-stage least squares model for generalized space panels are constructed.An analysis was performed to ensure the reliability of the results.The research results also show that the impact of the three different types of unequal basic public services on the urban-rural consumption gap is heterogeneous.Each change in the medical and health gap by one standard deviation will bring about a 0.13 standard deviation change in the rural-urban consumption gap.Each change in the standard deviation of the guarantee gap will result in a standard deviation of 0.07 units between the urban and rural consumption gap,while the marginal effect of the standard deviation of the basic education gap on the consumption gap on the consumption gap will be 0.06 unit standard deviation.The magnitude of the impact on the gap between urban and rural consumption is in turn the medical and health gap,the social security gap,and the basic education gap.In the mechanism analysis,after analyzing the changes in government behavior under local fiscal imbalances,the introduction of local fiscal imbalances and the three types of basic public service gaps The interaction term coefficient analyzes the institutional reasons for the gap between public services and the consumption gap under the fiscal imbalance of local governments.Fifth,through a review of the literature,this article,based on the analysis in Chapter 2,immediately discusses the possible impact of public service quality on the gap between urban and rural consumption,and uses empirical analysis to test its transmission mechanism.The results show that the quality of basic public services has reduced the gap between urban and rural consumption,and its mechanism is mainly to promote the reduction of the gap between urban and rural consumption by affecting the improvement of human capital,the proportion of urbanization,and the efficiency of government management.The improvement of public service quality has gradually strengthened the gap between urban and rural consumption.Especially in the group test,the effect of public service quality in areas with high levels of human capital and areas with a high proportion of urbanization is more obvious.In order to avoid bias in the estimation results,The article guarantees the robustness of the results by using historical human capital and fiscal transparency as instrumental variables.In the heterogeneity analysis,it was found that the urban-rural consumption gap and the provision of basic public service quality showed significant “high-high” and “low-low” agglomeration types.In areas where the quality of public services is high,the quality of public services in neighboring areas is also high.At the same time,the gap between urban and rural consumption is affected not only by the quality of public services in the area,but also by the quality of public services in the neighboring areas.Correlation.Finally,this article gives policy suggestions on how to reduce the gap between urban and rural consumption in terms of the gap between public services and the quality of public services.In terms of how to reduce the gap in public services,the article suggests:(1)Construct an integrated public service supply system for urban and rural areas,increase investment in rural education resources,and establish “pair assistance” for urban and rural schools.The integration of education promotes the equalization of basic education in urban and rural areas;improves the construction of medical informatization,realizes the mutual sharing of medical information,and improves rural primary health care resources,and realizes the integration of urban and rural residents' medical insurance;and establishes a unified,rural-linked urban and rural social pension security system;(2)While rationalizing the relationship between the financial resources and the power of the central government,it is necessary to further rationalize the financial power and the power of the provincial and local governments,and to solve the problem of local fiscal imbalance by further improving the local transfer payment system;(3)optimizing the fiscal Expenditure structure,the introduction of tripartite audit to improve the supervision mechanism.In terms of how to improve the quality of government public services,with the introduction of the State's "Opinions on the Comprehensive Implementation of Budget Performance Management",various localities have formulated specific budget performance management measures,etc.,but their respective priorities and implementation conditions are different.This article argues that: firstly,The premise of good governance is that those who have lofty morality drive public power to serve the public interest of the society,but under the government management system of our country,only when the superior evaluates the subordinate will the local department produce certain Constraints and incentives,so the first thing is to define the main body of the overall budget performance evaluation.This paper considers that adhering to government promotion under the leadership of the party committee is the premise of comprehensive budget performance management,and clarifies “who evaluates and evaluates who”;secondly,under the input-output framework Differentiated performance evaluation index system,based on the same principle,establish a “commonality+individuality” performance index system for different evaluation objects according to their “three fixed plans”,and at the same time,the scope of performance management should cover districts and counties as much as possible;thirdly,Use information system technology,data analysis technology,big data technology and artificial intelligence to achieve the realization,and form an information sharing and feedback mechanism of the People's Congress,Party Committee,and relevant government departments to implement informatization and dynamic management;forthly,enhance the information of government officials Open awareness,adding the work of publicizing budget performance information to government performance tests,The budget performance to promote public transparency.