Institutional Imbalance And Coordination In The Development Of Social Services For The Aged ——Based On The Study Of C City In J Province

Since the reform and opening up,the market has begun to dominate the flow of individuals.The needs and pressures of job hunting,nuclear family,and study and further studies have made it difficult for children to take care of their parents.The function of family care for the elderly is declining,and elderly care services from the society have gradually developed.At present,our country is in the rapid development stage of aging.With economic and social development and the deepening of the level of individual needs,the country's social expenditure and system construction focus has gradually shifted from economic security to individual welfare services,and the number of social pension service policies has increased significantly.However,despite the continuous advancement of the current social pension service policy that advocates diversification of supply entities,institutions and communities have always been unable to effectively undertake the increasingly externalized service demand for the elderly.The development of social pension services is facing the real dilemma of imbalance between supply and demand.This is specifically reflected in the abnormally high bed vacancy rate,unbalanced profit and loss development,and low utilization rate of service facilities.In the practice of home-based community elderly care service policies,the government and service organizations are caught in a "lose-lose" dilemma:on the one hand,it is difficult for the government to guide the elderly to form the consumption habits of purchasing home-based community care services,and cannot promote the development of home-based community care services;on the other hand,home-based community care service agencies cannot obtain profits other than government funding and cannot achieve the benefits of service agencies selfsurvival and development.Regarding the current dilemma in the development of social elderly services,the theoretical circles have pointed out from the perspective of service supply that the difficulties of social elderly services are due to insufficient service supply,low quality and misplacement,or pointed out that the bottleneck of imbalance between supply and demand lies in service demand Some elderly people have insufficient income sources,low total consumption and unreasonable structure.Continuously strengthen the supply-side reform of social elderly care services in policy practice,emphasize the full liberalization of the elderly care service market,and use the number of elderly care beds as an evaluation index for service construction;or provide economic subsidies to the elderly in the form of service vouchers from the demand side.Promote the long-term development of social elderly care services.At present,although the contradiction between supply and demand of elderly care services in home communities and institutions has eased,the fundamental situation of imbalance between supply and demand has not changed.At present,although the contradiction between supply and demand of elderly care services in home communities and institutions has eased,the fundamental situation of imbalance between supply and demand has not changed.In recent years,multi-dimensional statistics show that social elderly care services in our country still have problems such as high bed vacancy rates,unbalanced profit and loss,low service utilization,low satisfaction,and low willingness to consume,and they are always facing the development dilemma of imbalance between supply and demand.This research starts with the research on the related literature and service practice of the development of social elderly services,and through the review of existing literature research and related policy documents,then use questionnaires,interviews and participation and observation methods to further analyze and discuss the development dilemma and the way out of social elderly services in C City of J Province While explaining the current situation and dilemmas of the development of social elderly services in our country,based on the state of practice of social elderly service policies in C City of J Province,the development history of institutions and home-community elderly services,and the actual dilemmas,carry out theoretical and practical analysis of the deep roots of the development dilemma of social elderly care services.The deep root of the dilemma in the development of social elderly services in my country lies in the imbalance of related formal and informal institutional changes in the development process.From the perspective of the theory of institutional change,the dilemma of the imbalance between supply and demand for social elderly services is caused by the institution imbalance in the development process,although the changes of formal institutions are easy to achieve,the evolution of informal institutions is time-lag and more profoundly restricts individual behavior choices.The informal elderly service institution derived from the custom is spontaneous and longterm.The time lag of its changes will weaken or distort the effective implementation of the formal institution from the state,making the formal institution "locked-in" an inefficient or even inefficient state,increasing the cost of formal institutional changes.On the one hand,the changes in the informal institution are continuity,the cultural traditions and inertia of family care for the elderly have a profound impact on the choices of the elderly and their children in social elderly care services,and there is a conceptual lag in the consumption behavior of the elderly in elderly care services;on the other hand,the formal social elderly service institution has shortcomings,which is reflected in that policy arrangements are mainly rational and efficiency-oriented,and service evaluation indicators have an administrative orientation under path dependence.At the same time,the “ de-family ” practice of social elderly care services is difficult to meet the expectations of the elderly and their offspring for elderly care services.An imbalance between formal and informal institution has formed in the development of elderly care services.The coordination of imbalance in the elderly service institution needs to be based on the informal institution to establish formal institutional arrangements for social elderly service,through the improvement of related formal institutions to promote the changes of informal institutions,and to promote the resolution of conflicts between institutions with the consistency of the evolution of formal and informal institution.First,establishing formal institutional arrangements embedded in value identification and experience habits.Adjust the orientation of formulating pension service policy plans,implement de-administrative service supply evaluation indicators,further promote demand-oriented pension service policies;attach importance to the perceptual awareness and behavioral choices of the elderly and their children,and integrate the affectionate attributes of traditional family care for the elderly into the formal institutional arrangements of social care services,weaken the exclusion of the elderly and their children from social services for the elderly under the "feedback model";emphasizing the daily life of social elderly care services,social elderly care services should be the continuation of family life status for the elderly rather than a substitute,building an aging service environment to meet the real needs of the elderly.Second,perfecting the formal institution promotes the changes of the informal institution.Establish a cultural policy for the society to provide elderly care services,attach importance to improving the quality of life of the elderly,and expand the meaning of traditional elderly care culture;strengthen the policy guidance of service practice values,enhance the social responsibility of service organizations,and enhance the professional identity of service personnel.While establishing formal institutional arrangements for social elderly care services embedded in informal institutions such as customs and traditions,appropriate formal institutions should be established to guide changes in related informal institutions.The actual changes and integration of formal and informal institutions require the establishment of corresponding implementation mechanisms.Use the institutioncoordinated service supply incentive mechanism to guide service organizations to implement "family-like emotional" services based on diversified perception-based elderly care services,by establishing performance and rewards and punishment indicators for service categories,and optimizing the evaluation rules of the elderly for social elderly services,encourage service agencies to provide the provision of elderly care services that realize the coordination of formal and informal institutions,and promote the deepening of social elderly service practices.At the same time,build a supervision mechanism for the coordination of the social elderly service institution,with embedded cooperative supervision and regulation of service supply,the evaluation behavior of government and social organizations is regulated in thirdparty evaluation,and strict management and control of industry access and exit of service organizations are implemented.The establishment of a institution coordination mechanism further guarantees the realization of the balance between the formal and informal institutions of social elderly care services,avoids and prevents institution risks and institution deviations in the development of social elderly care,so as to surpass the reality of the imbalance between supply and demand in the development of social elderly services in our country.