Research On Institutional Changes Of Inspection Tours Of The Communist Party Of China

As an important part of power theory research,power supervision is an important category and key dimension of political science research.The Communist Party of China is the only ruling party in contemporary China that has been in power for a long time,and it is the core of leadership for various undertakings in China.Strengthening the supervision of power within the party will inevitably become a key measure and core link in the construction and improvement of contemporary China’s political power supervision mechanism.Inspection Tours is an important part of intra-party supervision,and it occupies an important position and plays an irreplaceable role in intra-party supervision.The institution of inspection tours of the Communist Party of China is an institutional arrangement that the party gradually explores and perfects in the process of leading the Chinese people’s revolution,construction,and reform and development based on inheriting Chinese traditional political culture and absorbing outstanding achievements in political civilization from outside.Therefore,clarifying the historical context of the institutional changes of inspection tours,analyzing the driving factors of the institutional change,grasping the characteristics of the change,exploring the experience of the change,and exploring more applicable,effective and innovative that are in line with the Chinese political reality and match the Chinese political genes has become an important mission of contemporary Chinese political scientists.At present,there are still many deficiencies and research space in the research on the institutional changes of inspection tours in the domestic academic circles,so it is particularly necessary to conduct in-depth discussions around this issue.Based on clarifying related concepts and theoretical resources,following the classic logic of understanding,explaining and solving problems,focusing on answering key and difficult questions such as “what”,“why”,“how”,and “how to do” the institutional changes,and then revealing the historical facts and basic logic of the institutional changes.Concept definition is the starting point of academic research,as well as the basic premise for clarifying the connotation of discourse,defining the boundaries of discourse,and launching academic debates.Only based on a clear definition of the core concepts,can we clearly divide the historical stages of the institutional changes of inspection tours,and analyze the causes of the changes,the characteristics of the changes,and the choice of paths.By defining the core concepts of institution,institutional change,and the institutional changes of inspection tours of CPC,we can clarify the basic meaning of the institutional changes of inspection tours of CPC referred to in this research.In addition,theory has important guiding significance for practice.This research focuses on the theory of power restriction and supervision,the theory of Marxist party building,and the theory of institutional change of historical institutionalist,to draw on relevant political theories to carry out research.Accurately dividing the main stages of the institutional change and clearly describing the basic process of the institutional change is an important prerequisite for analyzing the causes of change and summarizing the characteristics of the change.Throughout the 100-year history of the Communist Party of China,the institution of inspection tours presents different institutional features at different historical stages.Specifically,during the period of the New Democratic Revolution,it has experienced three main stages: the formation of the institution in 1928,the renewal of the insitution in 1931,and the gradual decline of the insitution after 1934.During the period of socialist revolution and construction,preliminary exploration was obtained in 1955,but it gradually stagnated after 1957.In the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization,it has experienced three main processes: the rebuilding of the institution in 1996,the improvement of the institution in 2004,and the perfection of institution in 2009.After the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.The institution of inspection tours has also undergone historic changes,which have mainly experienced two stages: institution innovation in 2015 and institution optimization in 2017.After the main course of the institutional changes of inspection tours is divided into stages,it is particularly important to explore the driving factors of the key changes in the past.During the period of the New Democratic Revolution,the formation of the institution was not only deeply influenced by the Commissioner institution of the Russian Communist Party(Brazzaville)and the Communist International,but was also closely related to dealing with the difficulties of the party organization at that time.The renewal of the institution of inspection tours was not only related to the failure of the party organization’s external dilemma to be fundamentally resolved at the time,but also closely related to the more serious problems that existed in the party’s inspection practice.In October 1934,the failure of the fifth anti-“encirclement and suppression”campaign can be regarded as a key node in the gradual decline of the institution.During the period of socialist revolution and construction,the occurrence of the “Gao Rao Incident” directly affected the institutional changes.The rectification movement and the anti-rightist struggle in 1957,as well as the changes in Zedong Mao’s idea,became an important reason for the gradual stagnation of the institution.After the reform and opening up,the legal and supervisory idea of the CPC Central Committee leadership provided ideal support for the re-establishment of the institution,while the political turmoil in 1989 accelerated the process of rebuilding the institution.In addition,the reconstruction of the institution is also a rational choice made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to effectively solve the serious corruption and work style problems of the middle and high-ranking leading cadres in the party.Since then,the institution has been improved and perfected,which is not only related to the great attention and decision-making deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,but also the inevitable result of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in order to solve the inspection practice dilemma and institutionalize effective practical experience.After the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,in the innovation and development of the institution,Xi Jinping’s comprehensive and strict governance of the party provided important ideal support for it,and the decision-making and deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China were the key factors.In addition,other changes in party laws and regulations related to the institution of inspection tours also require the institution of inspection tours to be matched and connected accordingly.The revision of the party’s supervision regulations is a direct factor in the optimization of the institution of inspection tours,and the prominent problems in the party such as weak political discipline and weak political awareness are the deep reasons for the optimization of the institution of inspection tours.On the basis of historical analysis of the main process and driving factors of the institutional changes,grasping the main characteristics of the changes from the overall perspective is of great value for examining the whole picture of the institutional changes and exploring the path selection of the institutional changes.The structural scientificity,function focus and multiple methods of the institutional changes of inspection tours are the main characteristics.Specifically,from the perspective of the institutional structure,the main manifestations are that the main body of the inspection tours is becoming more and more full-time,the inspection objects are gradually covered,the inspection methods are gradually diversified,the inspection procedures are continuously standardized,and the inspection power and responsibilities are more consistent.From the perspective of the institutional function,it is mainly manifested in two characteristics: from multiple functions to focus on supervision functions,and from multiple supervision to focus on political supervision.From the perspective of the mode of change,it mainly presents the characteristics of gradual,exogenous,and desirable.How to draw wisdom and strength from institutional changes,so as to learn from history,seek advantages and avoid disadvantages,and enlighten future generations has become an important link in the research of institutional changes.The adaptation and reform of the main body of political power,the effective support of modern political idea,the matching and connection of multiple institutional systems,and the precise control of key time elements are important driving paths for future institutional changes of the inspection tours.Promoting the modernization of the institutional structure and the politicization of the institutional function,enhancing the effectiveness of the institution are the content orientation of the institutional changes.And then,promoting the institution of inspection tours of the Communist Party of China to be more mature,complete,and coordinated and efficient.