Skilled Authority:the Fourth Governance Form Of Traditional Villages

Order is not only a cornerstone of the smooth operation of human society,but also a core value goal pursued by governance behavior.The realization of order depends on authority.In group society,authority often plays the role of regulating the relationship and behavior logic between members,which is an indispensable basis for the realization of order.This paper explores the traditional form of tangjialong village in Hunan Province by using the method of empirical research,and deeply discusses the logic of the generation of endogenous authority in rural society and its normative role in order.Academic circles have done a lot of research on the types of authority in traditional rural governance,among which there are three representative types:political authority represented by state authority,cultural authority represented by clan and cultural tradition,and economic authority represented by landlords.These three kinds of authority are considered to be the most important types of authority in traditional villages,and also the most important governance resources in the construction of rural order.Different from the previous cognition,after field investigation,it is found that the state authority in the village is weak,the clan authority is declining,and there are no big landlords out of work in the village,that is,the political authority,cultural authority,and economic authority are weak,but the village can still operate in an orderly way,which stimulates the problem consciousness of this study:how to realize the typical weak authority and village order Yes?Is there authority beyond the known type?What are the conditions for its existence,its forms and functions in the order of village governance?Through the in-depth excavation of the village form,it is found that in the case of lack of political,economic and cultural resources,"skills" has become an important governance resource in the village.Because of the special ability of an individual or organization in a certain field,it occupies a dominant position in social interaction.Out of the pursuit of the expected interests,the master of the special ability obtains the ability to dominate others' behavior,thus forming a skilled authority.Once the skilled authority is formed,it will occupy an authoritative position in its own field,which can affect the resource allocation and reshape the order in the field.When the skills of skilled authority are strong enough,it can break through the limitations of the field,overlap and integrate with other authorities such as political authority,economic authority or cultural authority,so as to reshape and integrate the village order more deeply and comprehensively.The main contributions of this paper can be summarized into three points.First,the concept of "skilled authority" is proposed.Based on the mining and combing of village facts,the concept of skilled authority is proposed.Secondly,to supplement the traditional authority type,skill authority is an important supplement to political,cultural and economic authority.Third,the discussion and development of Weber's authority theory,the concept of skilled authority is a supplement to Weber's original three types of authority,but also a transcendence of the concept of charismatic authority.By putting forward new types of authority,namely,legal authority,traditional authority and skilled authority,Weber's authority theory has been further developed.