A New Inquiry On Marx's Thought Of The People

People's thought is an important component of Marx's whole theory and runs through all its parts.The study of Marx's people's thought is of great significance not only to understand Marx's theory and its basic spirit fully and correctly,but also to grasp the essence of contemporary Chinese socialism and its development direction.However,due to various reasons,the achievements of the systematic discussion of Marx's people's thought have not been shown in the academic circles at present.Therefore,this paper attempts to systematically study Marx's people's thought and explain its Chinese significance from the perspective of the unity of history and logic.The text is divided into five parts.The first part examines the background and theoretical origin of Marx's people's thought.The European Workers' Movement in the 1930 s and 1940 s and the economic and political structure relations which showed the main role of the people formed the background of Marx's people's thought.Rousseau's thought of people's sovereignty,the view of the historical school of the French restoration period on the historical role of the people,and the critical utopian socialism on the working people in the first half of the 19 th century constitute the main theoretical origin of Marx's people's thought.The second part: fully explained the Marx people's thought formation and the development logic.This development logic is embodied in four stages in turn.The first stage: the embryonic stage of people's thought is the period of Rhine newspaper.At this stage,Marx's views on the relationship between philosophy and the people's garden,the freedom of publication is the will of the people,and contains the origin of his people's thought.The democracy of revolution is the internal basis of the embryonic stage of Marx people's thought.The second stage: the embryonic stage of people's thought is from the criticism of Hegel's philosophy of law to the Yearbook of Germany and Law.At this stage,Marx's view that civil society determines the sovereignty of the state and the people," the masses " and " the liberation of human beings " is the initial structure of his people's thought.The basic completion of "two transformations" is the inner basis of the embryonic form of Marx's people's thought.The third stage: the establishment stage of people's thought,that is,the manuscript of economics and philosophy in 1844 to German ideology.At this stage,Marx's views on the freedom of labor,the decisive role of the people in the historical development,the people's social practice is the motive force of the historical development,and so on,mark the emergence of his people's thought.The establishment of historical materialism is the internal basis for the establishment of Marx's people's thought.The fourth stage: the maturity stage of people's thought is from the Communist Manifesto to Capital and its manuscript.At this stage,Marx's views on the people as the social and historical subject,the realization of the institutional form of the people's subject,the realization of the "transitional form" and "final form" of the people's subject,as well as the economic argumentation of the people's subject,are the development of his people's thought(development).This development is the logical result of the further development of Marx's socialist criticism and political and economic criticism.The third part outlines the basic logical framework of Marx's people's thought.First,it explains the concept,source and history of "people" in Marx's people's thought,points out that the concept of "people" in Marx's people's thought should cover non-laborer in a specific historical period,and proves that the development of "people" is based on the continuous deepening of historical activities.Secondly,the basic principles of Marx's people's thought about people's subject are explained from six aspects: people's sovereignty and people's subjectivity,people's subjectivity that is people's subject,people is the subject of history and social development,people is the subject of practice,people is the subject of value,and Marx's people's thought that is people's subjectivity.Thirdly,from three aspects of economic subject,political subject and cultural subject,it shows the stipulation of Marx's people's thought on the form of people's subject.Fourth,from the point of view of material basis,spiritual culture and institutional premise,this paper explains the viewpoint of Marx's people's thought on the law and characteristics of the people's subject changing from "spontaneous form" to "conscious form" from the point of view of material basis,spiritual culture and institutional premise.Fifth,it interprets the foundation,starting point and aim of Marx's people's thought,that is,practice is the foundation of people's thought,the realistic individual is the starting point of people's thought,and the free and all-round development of people is the aim of people's thought.The fourth part: from the philosophical critical meaning of people's thought,the critical meaning of political economy and the critical meaning of socialism,this paper proves the position of people's thought in Marx's whole theory,that is,people's thought is the main line that connects Marx's theory into an organic whole.The fifth part: based on the thinking of Chinese society and its development,the Chinese significance of Marx's people's thought is explained in an all-round way,that is,the enlightenment to the Chinese academic circles to re-understand Marx's thought and deepen the study of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.