Research On The Centennial Course And Basic Experience Of The Inspection System Of The Communist Party Of China

The CPC's inspection system is an important institutional arrangement for the party's upper organization to conduct inspection of the subordinate organizations and their members' performance of duties,exercise of power,and policy implementation by dispatched agencies or personnel,which runs through the various historical periods of revolution,construction and reform.It has played an incalculable role in promoting the development of the cause of the party and the people.Although the current academic research on the CPC's inspection system has achieved fruitful results,most of the research mainly focuses on the two major stages:from the founding of the party to total resistance against Japanese aggression and the new era.The research on the CPC's inspection system in the historical interval from the total resistance against Japanese aggression to the reform and opening-up is relatively weak,and the research on the overall change of the CPC's inspection system is also lacking.Looking back on the development of the CPC in the past century,what development stages has the CPC's inspection system gone through,and what trajectory has it had?What are the temporal and spatial conditions of the inspection system at each stage,what are its practical characteristics?effectiveness?shortcomings?How can we draw nourishment and wisdom from the historical development of the inspection system in order to promote the scientific level of the construction of the CPC's inspection system in the new era,and realize the transformation of its institutional advantages into governance effectiveness.Based on the above thinking,this article uses the research methods such as historical analysis,vertical comparison,and neo-institutional politics to systematically comb and deeply investigate the development context of the CPC's inspection system in order to draw a complete institutional map and development chain,show the practical aspects of the CPC's inspection system under different time and space conditions,and then accurately grasp the logic of its change.The dissertation is laid out in accordance with the basic idea of "theoretical basis-historical evolution-summary of experience".The introduction and chapter 1 are the theoretical basis;chapter 2 to 6 are historical evolution,using the key node theory of neo-institutional politics to divide the evolution of the CPC's inspection system into five stages;chapter 7 is the summary of experience.The introduction mainly expounds the reasons and significance of the thesis,summarizes the research status at home and abroad,introduces the research ideas,frame structure and research methods,and briefly evaluates the innovations and deficiencies of the thesis research.Chapter One mainly uses the general principles of institutional science to define the basic concept of the CPC's inspection system,and analyzes the rule system,organization system and implementation mechanism of the CPC's inspection system from the static and dynamic levels.On this basis,the thesis explores the ideological resources of the party inspection system from the two dimensions of Marxist party building theory and Chinese traditional political culture,and explains the stage division of the CPC's inspection system.Chapter two mainly introduces the establishment and implementation of the CPC's inspection system from the founding of the party to total resistance against Japanese aggression(1921-1937).Under the guidance and assistance of the Comintern and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the practical needs of revolutionary struggle,the CPC's inspection system came into being.During this period,the CPC's inspection system had complicated functions,such as business guidance,survey research,political supervision and organizational transformation.It had made indelible historical contributions to developing mass movements,promoting information communication,guiding local work,providing decision-making reference,discovering and promoting cadres and resolving conflicts and disputes.However,owning to the inspection work was still in the initial stage,and the influence of the war environment and wrong routes,there were many deficiencies in the design and operation of the early inspection system.For example,inspector selection,supervision and other mechanisms were not in place,some inspectors had bureaucracy and formalism,the operating environment such as traffic conditions,inspection funding,and "left" errors restricted inspection effect.Chapter three mainly analyzes the adjustment and development of the CPC's inspection system during the total resistance against Japanese aggression and the Liberation War(1937-1949).The "July 7th Incident" in 1937 opened the prelude to the entire nation's war of resistance against Japanese aggression.The political status of the CPC was improved,which became an open and legal party.Coupled with the influence of factors such as the leadership's preference perception,the growing development of the inner-party supervision,organization,research institutions,as well as the establishment and implementation of the system such as "unified" leadership,request reports,and stationing,the CPC's inspection system had thus entered the stage of adjustment.At this stage,the functional positioning,power structure,working methods,and task arrangements of the CPC's inspection system had been changed adaptively.It also had become an important way to supervise and inspected the implementation of the central line and policy and decision-making deployment.The form of "special inspections" was often used in Yan'an rectification,land reform and party rectification movements.In addition,the CPC's inspection system was once included in the party organization structure of some regions during this period,which played a prominent role in preserving and developing the strength of local party organizations.Chapter four mainly examines the transmission and tortuosity of the CPC's inspection system during the period of socialist revolution and construction(1949-1978).The founding of New China marked a fundamental change in the political status and historical tasks of the CPC.It was transformed from a revolutionary party which led the people in armed struggle and seized power to a ruling party which led the people to control national power and carry out socialist construction.In the process of consolidating the people's power and carrying out socialist construction,the concentration of central power had been increased gradually,coupled with the dispatching of a large number of various task forces,and the gradual improvement of the party's supervisory institutions and institutional systems,which resulted in the overall development of the CPC's inspection system during this period showing a weakening trend,but it was still an important supplementary method for the party's leadership,which was used to supervise and inspect the implementation of the central government's policies on some certain important works or major issues in order to achieve the party's political,economic and social development goals.With the changes in the party's status and tasks,the CPC's inspection system in this period had begun to break through the scope of party governance,played a certain role in state governance,which supervised and inspected around the work of democratic construction and infrastructure construction.It also brought a certain degree of "the party and the government are not divided" and other issues.Chapter five mainly discusses the recovery and exploration of the CPC's inspection system in the new period of reform and opening up(1978-2012).The opening of the third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978 begun the great journey of China's reform and opening up,and became a major turning point in contemporary China's socio economic development.Along with the profound changes of the economic system,social structure,interest pattern and ideology,some leading cadres had become more passive and corrupt,and local protectionism had become more and more prevalent.Because of this,our party continuously changed the concept of governing the party and begun to regard the CPC's inspection system as a method of internal party supervision,especially to strengthen the "top leaders" of the party and government,which achieved a series of good results.However,owning to the insufficiency of theoretical understanding and practical operation,the CPC's inspection system inevitably had some practical obstacles.For example,at the level of system design,inspection organization settings needed to be improved,inspection objects and content were not focused enough,inspection methods were inflexible,and the degree of transformation of inspection results was low;at the level of system stakeholders,the structure of inspectors was not reasonable enough and the cognition level of inspection objects needed to be improved;at the level of the institutional environment,the CPC's inspection system was faced with problems such as high tolerance for public corruption,low enthusiasm for participation by the masses,and lack of strong guarantees for inspection funds.Chapter six mainly analyzes the innovation and strengthening of the CPC's inspection system since the 18th National Congress of the CPC(2012-2021).Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,in order to effectively promote comprehensively deepen reform,solve the problem of "top leader" supervision,and make up for the inadequacy of China's supervision system,the party central committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core who is based on the profound changes in national conditions and party conditions,has incorporated the CPC's inspection system into the strategic layout of full and rigorous governance over the party,deeply promotes the innovative development of inspection positioning,inspection subjects,inspection objects,inspection content,inspection methods,inspection scope,system construction,which makes the CPC's inspection system radiate strong vitality.At this stage,The CPC's inspection system has played a vital role in curbing the spread of corruption,ensuring strict Party self-governance,and improving the modernization level of national governance,which becomes "Anti-corruption sword","The sharp weapon of the party" and "The sharp weapon of the country".However,the problem such as the construction of legalization and systematization of the inspection system relatively lags behind,the behavior selection of related actors is not optimized enough,and the system is not highly compatible with the social environment hinders the full release of the effectiveness of the CPC's inspection system.Chapter seven summarizes the basic experience of the development of the CPC's inspection system over the past century.It is our party's fine tradition to be good at summing up historical experience and drawing historical wisdom from it.During the centuries of exploration of the CPC's inspection system,our party has accumulated the following valuable experiences:Firstly,ensuring the party's leadership and safeguarding the interests of the masses is the value orientation of the CPC's inspection system;Secondly,compliance with the historical tasks of the party in different periods is the key to the development of the CPC's inspection systemthe;Thirdly,the normalized,programmable,and legal construction is important guarantee for the development of the CPC's inspection system;Fourthly,a professional team with high political quality,strong professional ability,and excellent work style is the solid foundation for the development of the CPC's inspection system;Fifthly,paying attention to system innovation and its sustainable development is the basic requirement for the development of the CPC's inspection system;Sixthly,unswervingly deepen political inspection is an fundamental task for the development of the CPC's inspection system.Each experience is relatively independent and closely coordinated,and has a synergistic and symbiotic effect on the construction of the CPC's inspection system,which jointly promotes the development of the CPC's inspection system over the past century.The conclusion starts from the three-dimensional analysis framework which is composed of the system itself,the related persons and the system environment proposed by the new institutionalism,to ponder how to promote the high-quality development of the CPC's inspection system in the new era,and put forward the following suggestions:Firstly,we must focus on deepening the CPC's inspection system,construct a scientific and reasonable evaluation mechanism for the effectiveness of the CPC's inspection system;Secondly,we should pay attention to standardizing the behavior of system stakeholders(such as continuously strengthening the political determination of the dispatched main body,optimizing the structure of the inspection team),so as to improve the operational performance of the CPC's inspection system;Thirdly,we should continuously optimize the system environment(such as actively promote the research of inspection theory and pay attention to the application of modern information technology),furtherly release the development space of the CPC's inspection system.