| In order to resolve anxiety, depression and insomnia on pre-competition, the study use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention on athletes based on testing the effect of rTMS and it's neurophysiological mechanism, providing for a new method of psychological intervention on pre-competition. This study included three parts, a total of eight experiments.Part I: The mechanism and application of anxiety reduction of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)This section consists of three experiments (experiments I, II, III), experiment I uses within subjects design, given sham rTMS and different amount (500, 1000, 1500 pulses) rTMS (1 Hz,80%RMT,10 seconds on 2 seconds off ) at the left primer motor cortical ( M1) on volunteers respectively. Motor evoked potential amplitude of before, immediately after, and 30, 60, 120 min were compared. so that decide the rTMS parameters that can produce a long lasting decrease in motor cortical excitability, for providing a proper rTMS to reduce anxiety and improve sleep. The results show that 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 500, 1000, 1500 pulses all can decreases motor evoked potential amplitude and produce after-effects; Compared with 500 and 1000 pluses, the motor evoked potential amplitude decreases greater of 1500 pluses and have a longer after-effect.After decided the rTMS parameters in experiment I, experiment?uses experiment group and control group pre-and post-test design, given sham rTMS and true rTMS at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on volunteers respectively. By comparing the changes of subjective feeling, EEG power spectrum, super-slow EEG fluctuations in Figure (ET) and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after rTMS, used to investigate the anxiolytic effects of rTMS and its neurophysiological mechanism, for providing a theoretical foundation by using rTMS to relieve athlete's anxiety on pre-competition. The results show that given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the right DLPFC on volunteers, their cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety decreased, the state self-confidence increased ; the activity of theta (?) at frontal, central, parietal and occipital enhanced, the activity of alpha 3 (?3) at frontal, parietal, anterior temporal and the activity of beta (?) at frontal weaken, the asymmetry index of the two cerebral hemispheres not changed; whole brain inhibitory neurotransmitter (INH) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increased ,dopa ammonia(DA) and norepinephrine (NE) reduced; Low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF) and normalized low frequency power (LFnorm) of HRV decreased, normalized high-frequency power (HFnorm) increased .On the base of experiments I and experiment?, experiment?using the parameters of rTMS on athletes to intervene to reduce anxiety pre-competition. The results show that given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the right DLPFC on athletes, their state anxiety decreased, transcutaneous electrical conductivity levels (SCL) and pulse rate (Pulse) reduced; Low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF) and normalized low frequency power (LFnorm) of HRV decreased, normalized high-frequency power (HFnorm) increased .Part?: The mechanism and application of improving sleep of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)This section consists of two experiments (experiments?,?), the parameters of rTMS has been decided, experiment?uses within subjects design, given sham rTMS, no rTMS and true rTMS at the brainstem raphe nuclei region on volunteers respectively. By comparing the changes of self-assessment of sleep quality, anxiety, heart rate variability, respiration, galvanic skin, skin temperature, pulse and three-dimensional motion, used to investigate the effect and mechanism of rTMS to improve sleep, for providing a theoretical foundation by using rTMS to improve athlete's sleep. The results show that given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the brainstem raphe nuclei region on volunteers, their self-assessment of sleep quality improved, state anxiety decreased; respiratory fluctuations in the curve decreased, respiratory rate decreased, pulse and physical activity decreased too; the difference between adjacent NN root mean square (RMSSD) and the difference between adjacent NN interval standard deviation (SDSD) of HRV decreased .On the base of experiments I and experiment?, experiment?using the parameters of rTMS on athletes to intervene to improve sleep. The results show that given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the brainstem raphe nuclei region athletes, their self-assessment of sleep quality improved and state anxiety decreased.Part?: The mechanism and application of improving arousal of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)This section consists of three experiments (experiments?,?,?), experiment?uses within subjects design, given sham rTMS and different amount (1000, 2000, 3000 pulses) rTMS (20Hz,90%RMT, 5 seconds on 55 seconds off) at the left primer motor cortical ( M1) on volunteers respectively. Motor evoked potential amplitude of before, immediately after, and 30, 60, 120 min were compared. so that decide the rTMS parameters that can produce a long lasting increase in motor cortical excitability, for providing a proper rTMS to improve arousal. The results show that 20Hz,90%RMT-rTMS (5 seconds on 55 seconds off) of 1000 pulses can not improve motor evoked potential amplitude, 2000 pulses and 3000 pulses all can increase motor evoked potential amplitude and produce after-effects, and the motor evoked potential amplitude increase greater of 3000 pluses and have a longer after-effect.After decided the rTMS parameters in experiment?, experiment?uses within subjects design, given sham rTMS and true rTMS at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on volunteers respectively. By comparing the changes of subjective feeling, EEG power spectrum, super-slow EEG fluctuations in Figure (ET) and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after rTMS, used to investigate the improving arousal effects of rTMS and its neurophysiological mechanism, for providing a theoretical foundation by using rTMS to improve athlete's arousal. The results show that given 20Hz,90%RMT-rTMS (5 seconds on 55 seconds off) of 3000 pulse at the left DLPFC on volunteers, their positive mental arousal and mental arousal intensity increased, negative mental arousal decreased; the activity of alpha (?) and beta (?) at frontal, the activity of alpha 3 (?3)and beta (?) at central, the activity of beta (?) at parietal and anterior temporal all enhanced, the activity of delta(?) and theta(?) at occipital and back temporal weaken, and the activity of theta(?) at parietal weaken too, the asymmetry index of the two cerebral hemispheres not changed; whole brain inhibitory neurotransmitter (INH), Norepinephrine (NE),and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reduced, excitatory neurotransmitter (EXH) and dopamine ammonia (DA) increased; Low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF) and normalized low frequency power (LFnorm) of HRV increased, normalized high-frequency power (HFnorm) decreased .On the base of experiments?and experiment?, experiment?using the parameters of rTMS on athletes to intervene to reduce anxiety pre-competition. The results show that given 20Hz,90%RMT-rTMS (5 seconds on 55 seconds off) of 3000 pulse at the left DLPFC on athletes, their positive mental arousal and mental arousal intensity increased, negative mental arousal decreased; transcutaneous electrical conductivity levels (SCL) and pulse rate (Pulse) increased; Low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF) and normalized low frequency power (LFnorm) of HRV increased, normalized high-frequency power (HFnorm) decreased .In this study, the following conclusions can be formed under the experimental conditions :(?) 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse can decrease motor cortical excitability better, and produce a long lasting after-effects that more than 60 min and less than 120 min.(?) Given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the right DLPFC can decrease cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety, increase he state self-confidence, the changes of electroencephalogram (EEG), neurotransmitter and heart rate variability (HRV) after rTMS might partly explain the neurobiological effect .(?) Use of rTMS intervention,given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the right DLPFC on athletes can effectively reduce anxiety on pre-competition.(?) Given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the brainstem raphe nuclei region can improve sleep, the changes of respiratory, pulse, skin temperature and heart rate variability (HRV) after rTMS might partly explain the neurobiological effect .(?) Use of rTMS intervention,given 1Hz,80%RMT-rTMS (10 seconds on 2 seconds off) of 1500 pulse at the brainstem raphe nuclei region on athletes can effectively improve sleep.(?) 20Hz,90%RMT-rTMS (5 seconds on 55 seconds off) of 3000 pulse can decrease motor cortical excitability better, and produce a long lasting after-effects that more than 60 min and less than 120 min.(?) Given 20Hz,90%RMT-rTMS (5 seconds on 55 seconds off) of 3000 pulse at the left DLPFC can increase positive mental arousal and mental arousal intensity, decrease negative mental arousal, the changes of electroencephalogram (EEG), neurotransmitter and heart rate variability (HRV) after rTMS might partly explain the neurobiological effect .(?) Use of rTMS intervention, given 20Hz,90%RMT-rTMS (5 seconds on 55 seconds off) of 3000 pulse at the left DLPFC on athletes can effectively improve arousal. |
PDF Full Text Request