Research On The Influence Of Principal's Motivation On The Nutritional Health Of Rural Students

Chinese economy is during economic restructure and transition. In order to promote labor productivity and update the industrial structure, we must possess higher human capital resources. Recently,53percent of Chinese are still living rural areas. As Children are important part of those population, it is important that whether the Children living rural areas will adapt to the future economic development and restructuring. Education is a key way to promote individual human capital resource. Thus, this problem is ultimately solved by Education enhancement. Nowadays, the quality of teachers and hardware facilities have been improved and tuition fees have also been waived. However, there are malnutrition for a lots of pupils in poor rural areas. The World Bank proposed that improving nutrition will directly reduce poverty and promote human development and the formation of human capital. The health status of students in rural areas are an important factor for human capital accumulation in China.With the cooperative efforts of all parts, national management is becoming to pay more attention to the nutrition problems of student in rural areas. Since2011, the State Council started the implementation of rural compulsory education to improve student nutrition program. The central government provides provide3-yuan-per-student nutritional meals to rural students receiving compulsory education per day. In the meantime, the local government are encouraged to carry out nutrition improvement with the aid of the central financing. The school management, especially the principal, plays important roles in proper use of the subsidy payments and determines whether it will be really employed to improve the student health. Besides, there are many ways to improve the nutritional health of rural children. It is important to investigate how to motivate the principal to use subsidies more properly and rationally to more effectively improve nutrition levels of student.In order to test whether different incentives to the principal is able to reduce anemia rates of rural students and to improve student scores, the current research performed surveys in Gansu, Qinghai and Shaanxi province. We randomly selected300schools totally including19,991students to carry out a baseline survey. The survey included anemia status (measured by hemoglobin levels, standardized math and language examinations and basic individual information of the fourth and the fifth grade students. We also interviewed the principal to collect the individual information and to estimate their knowledge on nutrition and health. According to the results of the baseline survey, we used randomized intervention trial to estimate the effect of different incentive manners on students' anemia status and academic performance.The results show that the average rate of anemia in rural pupils is up to25.85%. Girls, boarders and children left behind have a higher anemia rate than the responding groups. There are more students with learning difficulties for minority students, boarders and children left behind. The intervention results show that if only subsidies provided, large subsidies are more effective than smaller subsidies for improvement of hemoglobin levels and student mathematics. After adding incentives to the principals, large subsidies plays less role than small subsidies to improve hemoglobin levels and math scores. In addition, it is most effective way to provide double incentive (incentives for reducing anemia and motivate students improving exam scores) to the principals to improve student hemoglobin levels.The current study suggests that we should pay more attention on the nutritional health problems of northwest rural pupils, especially on the current urgent and widespread problem of anemia. An Effective program should be designed and implemented to overcome anemia. We should provide more autonomy right to school and the principals to develop more realistic plan and schedule according to the local economy, and student characteristics and habits to improve nutritional health level and to overcome anemia, and entitled schools and principals to manage permissions nutritious meal subsidies. Besides, incentives and constraints are both needed to promote the school to improve students' nutrition and health.