| Objective: The cold region of Northeast China is characterized by long cold winter,short summer and large temperature difference in four seasons.The old people living in the northeast of the cold area have been affected by the severe climate for a long time,and their physique is worrying.However,there is a lack of research on Sports Promoting the physical fitness of the elderly in cold areas,which needs to be explored.The purpose of this study is to design a scientific and effective sports promotion scheme through the analysis of the physical characteristics and influencing factors of the elderly in the northeast of the cold area,so as to provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the physical promotion of the elderly in the northeast of the cold area.Research methods: Taking the physical characteristics and sports promotion of the elderly in the northeast of the cold area as the research object,the elderly aged 60-79 years old living in the northeast of the cold area as the research object.1405 old people were tested by the test method to explore the physical characteristics of the elderly;768 old people who took part in the physical test were investigated by the questionnaire;the influencing factors of the elderly's physical fitness were explored by the correlation and regression analysis;By using the methods of test and mathematical statistics,the physique of 455 old people and 94 old people who did not exercise in six groups of regular square dance,walking,Tai Chi,Northeast Yangge,roller skating + skating and softball for three years were tested and compared.and the physique difference between the old people who do not exercise and the old people who don't exercise for a long time and the fitness effect of different sports were explored,and the fitness effect suitable for promotion was selected Sports;Using the method of expert interview,combined with the results of theoretical and empiricalresearch,design sports to promote physical fitness program;using the experimental method,109 elderly people were carried out 12 week exercise intervention experiment to verify the fitness effect of sports to promote physical fitness program.Results:(1)Compared with the national norm,the physical fitness of the old people in the northeast cities in the cold area was higher in the 60-64-year-old group(P < 0.01)in height,weight,systolic pressure,vital capacity,sitting body forward flexion,lower in selective reaction time,higher in grip strength and lower in standing with eyes closed and one foot closed(P < 0.05).Women's systolic blood pressure,vital capacity,sitting body forward flexion,BMI,grip strength,selective reaction time were low(P < 0.01),heart rate was high,eyes closed and one foot standing was low(P < 0.05);men's height,weight,systolic blood pressure,vital capacity were high,eyes closed and one foot standing was low(P < 0.01),BMI,diastolic pressure were high(P < 0.05).The physical characteristics of 60-79 years old urban elderly in the northeast of the cold area were higher in body size and better in grip strength.Response time,diastolic pressure,heart rate,bone mineral density and degree of vascular occlusion were generally selected.Systolic blood pressure was high,body fat rate and visceral fat grade were over standard,balance ability and vascular elasticity were poor.The female body shape is moderate,vital capacity is high,flexibility is good.The reaction time,diastolic pressure,heart rate and the degree of vascular occlusion were general,and the visceral fat grade was normal.High systolic pressure,high body fat ratio,poor grip strength,balance ability,bone density and vascular elasticity.With the increase of age,the blood pressure,body fat rate and vascular elasticity of the elderly increased,while the vital capacity and bone density decreased.(2)The characteristics of life style of the old people in the northeast cities and towns in the cold area are as follows: 57.16% of the old people have audio-visualleisure activities,and 51.04% of the old people have sedentary activities or low daily physical activities.45.05% of them had participated in physical exercises,and 54.34% of them had stopped in summer and winter.52.47%.The smoking rate was 26.96% and the drinking rate was 43.62%.(3)The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the physical fitness and chronic disease,exercise,exercise times per week,exercise time per time,exercise intensity per time,years of participating in physical exercise and exercise organization.The correlation coefficients of male physical fitness and various factors were-0.431,0.461,0.317,0.368,0.354,0.355,0.445,female physical fitness and various factors The correlation coefficients of elements were-0.322,0.490,0.316,0.391,0.324,0.368 and 0.489.The results of regression analysis show that the main factors affecting the physical fitness of the elderly in the northeast cities and towns are the prevalence of chronic diseases,the participation in exercise,the number of exercises per week,the time of exercise each time,the number of exercise years,and the organization of exercise.(4)For the old people who have been engaged in regular exercise for a long time,their blood pressure,physical function,physical quality,body composition,bone density and vascular elasticity are better than those who do not exercise.In male and female square dance group,the scores of vital capacity and body composition were higher(P < 0.01),grip strength,sitting position,forward bending,standing with eyes closed and one foot,and the comprehensive scores of national physique were higher(P < 0.05),and the time of fat control and selective reaction was lower(P < 0.05).In male and female Yangge group,the vital capacity,standing with eyes closed and one foot,the comprehensive score of national physique were high(P < 0.01),grip strength,body composition score,bone density were high(P < 0.05),systolic and diastolic pressure were low(P < 0.05).(5)After 12 weeks of exercise intervention,the systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,BMI,fat content,visceral fat grade,subcutaneous fat content,body fat ratio,waist hip ratio and vascular PWV in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the male group(P < 0.01).The scores of vital capacity,grip strength,sitting body forward bending,standing with eyes closed and one foot,blood vessel ABI and body composition were significantly higher in men and women(P < 0.01),and in men(P < 0.05).There was no significant change in BMD(P > 0.05).In the control group,except for the increase of body fat rate and the prolongation of women's selective reaction time,the other indexes had no significant change(P > 0.05).Conclusion:(1)the physical constitution of the old people in the cold northeast cities has the characteristics of large vital capacity,good flexibility,poor balance ability,high blood pressure,over standard body fat rate,poor bone density and vascular elasticity.With the increase of age,the body weight,blood vessel elasticity,bone density and physical fitness of the elderly decreased.The visceral fat grade of male is over standard,and the bone mineral density of female is low.(2)The life style of the old people in the northeast cities and towns in the cold area is mainly characterized by the lack of physical activity and physical exercise,the "seasonality" of stopping exercise in winter,the "heavy taste" of diet,The proportion of people who like smoking and drinking is high.(3)The main factors that affect the physical fitness of the old people in the northeast cities and towns are the related factors of physical exercise and the prevalence of chronic diseases.The physical function,physical fitness,body composition,bone mineral density and vascular elasticity of the old people who have been engaged in regular exercise for a long time are better than those of the old people who have not.Square dance and Yangge exercise have better comprehensivefitness effect.(4)According to the physical characteristics and influencing factors of the old people in the northeast cities and towns of the cold region,the design includes the guiding ideology,design objectives,design principles,design procedures,design contents and design examples.This plan aims to locate the group's fitness guidance,solve the "lack of scientific fitness program guidance" and "stop training in winter" and other fitness bottleneck problems of the elderly in the cold northeast,and provide new ideas and methods for the scientific fitness of the elderly in the cold northeast.(5)Taking the aerobics exercise of northeast Yangge as the main part,combined with resistance exercise,balance exercise and flexible exercise as the intervention content,a 12 week exercise intervention experiment was carried out.The experiment verified that the exercise promoting physical fitness program can improve the physical condition of the elderly with first-class high blood pressure in the Northeast Cities and towns of cold areas,reduce blood pressure,improve body fat rate and improve physical quality And vascular function.It is proved that the sports promotion scheme is effective to improve the physical fitness of the elderly. |
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