Research On The Influence Of Visual Working Memory Of Motion On Attention

Attention is very important in sports.Athletes need to pay attention to many goals at the same time,and note the important information in a complex and complicated external environment,and suppress irrelevant information.In this process,visual selective attention plays a key role.Selection attention is influenced by the content of "top-down" working memory.The biased competition model considers that the neural representations of different objects are mutually inhibited.Different representations get more preferential treatment through competition.Object representations from working memory(WM)are biased towards content that matches the "template" stored in WM.Motion is the basic component of visual working memory(VWM).Motion can be considered to have both visuo-spatial and visual-object characteristics,so it may not be feasible to simply consider them as visual-spatial templates,and motion information may constitute a special WM.This study explores the mechanism between the WM of motion and visual attention.It can verify the effectiveness of the theories working of memory in the field of sports,understand the effect and mechanism of working information on visual attention of motion and promote the improvement of motion skill teaching methods and enhance the effectiveness of motion learning by a scientific visual presentation scheme.There are four studies in this subject.Study 1 Experiment 1 uses behavioral methods and event-related potentials(ERPs)technology to explore the guiding mechanism of working memory to attention,and compares the amplitudes of P1,N1,and P300 in the case of matching and mismatch,if the response time(RT)is short When there is a mismatch reaction,it indicates that there is a guidance effect;under the matching condition,the amplitude of P1 and N1 is greater than the mismatch condition,indicating that there is early guidance;under the matching condition,the amplitude of P300 is greater than the mismatch condition,indicating that there is late guidance;Experiment 2 controls the time of the visual search task,adjust the attention capture effect to test the working memory's way of attention capture,when the search display duration is presented in the form of chunks,the subjects can adjust their search strategies according to the current time task needs,for short-term and long-term groups,memory-driven capture effects have an impact.Since the random group does not have such a priority strategy,there is no significant difference between long-term and shortterm response.Study 2 uses delayed match-to-sample paradigm and change detection task to study the impact of different perceptual loads on attention guidance effects based on different attributes of the object.In experiment 1,through the difference in matching types between simple tasks and complex tasks,the impact of complexity on the guiding effect is compared;In experiment 2,different similar materials(walking and broadcasting exercises)are designed,and then the different similarities are compared,the difference of matching types under the conditions,and then determine the influence of similarity on the guiding effect;Experiment 3 designed the presentation time of memory items(800ms,2000ms)and the time from the end of memory item presentation to the occurrence of search items(ISI)(200ms or 1500ms),compare the differences in match types at different times,and analyze the effect of the presentation time of different memory items and ISI on the guidance effect;Experiment 4 changes the presentation position of the visual stimulus,adjusts the memory item and search the distance between items and compare the guidance effect of long distance and close distance;Experiment 5 changes the number of presentation memory items(1,2 and 3),using sequential and overall presentation respectively,and compares the effect of different numbers on the guidance effect influences.There are two experiments in Study Three.Experiment 1 first uses pre-experiment to measure the working memory capacity(WMC)of the subjects,then groups the subjects according to the quartile method,and compares the guiding effect in the case of high and low WMC;Experiment2 measures different individual WMC,analyze the factors that affect WMC,and the relationship between the factors.Study 4 based on the methods of predecessors' working memory training,the participants were compared with pre-test,post-test and delayed tests to analyze the effects of working memory training by comparing aerobic exercise and cognitive training to the subjects,and comparing the results of the two training methods.The results are as follows:Study 1:The experiment 1 showed that the RT of the matched condition is shorter than the unmatched condition,and the correct rate is higher than the unmatched condition;there is no difference in the frontal lobe N1 amplitude between the matched and unmatched conditions;P1 amplitude on unmatched conditions is larger than the matched conditions;The amplitude of the P300 matching condition is significantly larger than the non-matching condition.Experiment 2 shows that there is no difference between matching and non-matching results in the random group,and the group time adjustment effect(the difference between matching and non-matching)is significantly greater than the random group.Study 2: The experiment 1 showed that there are no differences in the types of matching in simple tasks,but there are significant differences in complex tasks.The experiment 2 showed that there are differences between the matching types of similar tasks and dissimilar tasks.The RT of matching under similar conditions is shorter than the dissimilar conditions.The experiment 3 showed that there are significant differences in the response types of search task matching under different interval and presentation time,but the RTs are no differences in matching.The experiment 4 showed that both close and long distance matching types exist significant difference,the RT increases as the distance increases;The experiment 5 showed that in the order presentation and the overall presentation,there is a significant difference in the number of 1,and there is no significant difference in the number of 2 and 3.Study 3:The experiment 1 showed that the RT of the high-capacity group is significantly shorter than that of the low-capacity group,and the amount of guidance effect is greater than that of the low-capacity group;The experiment 2 showed that the main effect of age on WMC was significant.Post tests showed no difference between38-47 years and 48-57 years,58-67 years and 68 years and above.There were significant differences between other age groups.There is a linear correlation between capacity and age.Gender has a main effect on WMC,and there is an interactive effect between gender and skill level,education and skill level.WMC is positively related to education time.Motor skill level has an impact on WMC.There is an interaction effect between skill level and gender,age range,and education.There is differences between high level and no level,and there is no difference between national level 1 and national level 2.Study 4:The experiment 1 showed that the WMC of the aerobic training group was not significant in the pre-test,post-test,and delayed test,while the cognitive training group had the main effect between pre-test,post-test,and delayed test.Significantly,there were also significant main effects between measurement time and type,with significant differences between the aerobic and cognitive training groups.Based on the results of the above studies,the following conclusions have been found:(1)VWM of motion information has an effect of guiding on attention,and an effect of guiding occurs in the late stage;VWM's guidance on attention is adjusted by the presentation time of the search task,and there are guidance methods combining automatic and strategy.(2)The difficulty of motion affects the attention guidance effects.The effect of guiding appears only when the search task is difficult;the search task is affected by similarity.Similar or dissimilar can produce an effect of guiding,but the size of the guide effect is different.The effect of guiding of WM is positively related to the degree of similarity;The effect of guiding of WM on attention is found in ISI and presentation times,and there are no effects on guiding;Proximity affects the guidance effect,and there are obvious differences in distance gradients;whether in sequential or overall presentation,quantity affects the relationship between WM and attention guidance.(3)The capacity of VWM affects guidance effects,and high-capacity individuals have faster search efficiency and guidance effects;The capacity of VWM for motion is affected by age,gender,education level and skill level.Age,education,and motor skills showed major effects on WMC.Age has a negative correlation with WM,and WMC decreases with age;WMC has a positive correlation with education time.There are differences the capacities between men and women;there are differences in WMC between high-skilled and non-skilled subjects,but no differences between high-skilled levels.(4)Different WM training methods have different effects on WMC.Cognitive training has a positive effect on VWMC of motion,while aerobic exercise has no effect.