Construction And Diagnosis Of Evaluation Indicator System Of Physical Fitness Of Our Excellent Male Boxers

The new boxing rules take the comprehensive advantage as the basis to evaluate the victory and defeat,highlight the essence of strong confrontation in boxing,and put forward higher requirements for boxers' physical fitness.At present,the overall capability of Chinese men's boxing compared with the European and American boxing powers,there is a big gap,especially in physical fitness.It is the primary task to compensate the physical weakness of Chinese male boxers and shorten the gap with the world's strong men's boxing teams.Therefore,through the future research on the change characteristics of boxing competition and the physical fitness characteristics of Chinese elite male boxers under the new boxing rules,we can establish a scientific and clear guiding ideology for our country's men's boxing physical training,grasp the correct training direction,scientifically arrange the physical training load and reasonably use the training means and methods to provide theoretical basis;Through the establishment of the evaluation system of physical fitness of Chinese elite male boxers and the diagnosis of their physical fitness level,we can deepen our understanding of the physical characteristics of Chinese male boxers and understand the main factors that restrict the physical fitness level of Chinese elite male boxers.Through the diagnosis of individual situation and gap of Chinese elite male boxers,we can quantitatively understand the overall development level and gap of each athlete's physical ability,and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of boxing physical training.Through the methods of literature methods,expert interview,expert investigation,test method and mathematical statistics,this paper firstly analyses the changing characteristics of boxing competition under the new boxing rules;Secondly,based on the physical fitness test data of 149 elite male boxers,the physical fitness characteristics of elite male boxers in China are further analyzed;Finally,through three steps: screening typical indicators,determining the weight of indicators and establishing evaluation criteria,the physical fitness evaluation system of Chinese elite male boxers with lightweight?middleweight and heavyweight has been established,which can improve the physical fitness training theory of boxing and provide certain theoretical reference for the quantitative evaluation of physical fitness development level of Chinese elite male boxers of different weight class.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)The changing characteristics of boxing competition under the new boxing rules are as follows: 1)The movement changes during the match: "the number of heavy punching techniques and rope defense tactics is significantly increased,the effective attack time is more,the continuous fighting time is longer,the fighting density is increased,the use of key technical movements of limbs is increased,and the strength of confrontation is greater";2)The winning characteristics change are as follows:among which the winning basis is: "the competition ability is more comprehensive";The winning factors of the new rules are as follows: "fast,complete,controlled,accurate,heavy and changeable,among which the heavy is the new winning factor";The winning strategy is "proactive in attacking and defending,breaking through with heavy punches,daring strong confrontation at medium and close range,not underestimating the enemy,not being discouraged,and going all out";3)The technical characteristics of the new rules are "comprehensive technology,high-frequency combination punching,simple and effective straight punching,and fast transformation of offensive and defensive technology".(2)By comparing and analyzing the physical fitness test data of Chinese elite male boxers according to their weight class and groups,it is found that the level of physical fitness in master boxers group are better than that of the athletes in first class boxers group.Among different weight classes,athletes with larger weight classes have higher body shape values,among which the length,girth and fullness indexes show obviously different shape characteristics.In addition,the heavyweight class has obvious weak characteristics of anaerobic and aerobic ability characteristics,strength and flexibility,while the lightweight and middleweight class have strong characteristics of endurance quality and coordination sensitivity.In addition,compared with the physical fitness test data of foreign elite male boxers,there are still obvious differences in body fat rate,maximal oxygen uptake,punching strength,reaction speed and flexibility among Chinese boxers,it is suggested that coaches should carry out targeted training in fat reduction,endurance,strength,speed and flexibility.(3)Through primary selection,expert selection and statistical selection,the physical fitness evaluation indicators system of elite male boxers is finally determined,which is composed of 17 typical physical fitness evaluation indexes in three dimensions of body shape,physical function and sports quality;The weight of physical fitness evaluation indicators of elite male boxers is determined by factor analysis.The physical fitness evaluation standard and rating criteria of Chinese elite male boxers with different weight class are established by using the percentage position method and the scoring method of 20 points.The results show that the scoring standard can reflect the actual level of physical fitness of elite male boxers and has a good evaluation effect.(4)By analyzing the weight of the evaluation indicators of Chinese elite male boxers,it is found that the common characteristics of physical fitness of three weight classes of elite male boxers are as follows: sports quality is the core factor affecting the level of physical fitness;Circumference indicator is the core indicator of body shape;anaerobic and aerobic indicator are the core indicators of body function;strength and speed are the core indicators of sports quality,among which strength increases with the increase of weight level.It is suggested that the above core indicators should be taken as the main content of physical training.(5)Based on typical physical fitness evaluation indicators data of 149 elite male boxers' physical fitness indicators,this paper establishes the critical value of the advantages and disadvantages of the three-dimensional ability indicators and the target challenge model,and In the second stage,the physical development level of 25 elite male boxers was diagnosed by individual situation and gap,this study found that: each athlete's physical fitness indicator of each level has great individual differences;The overall gap between athletes in body shape is small,but the overall gap in body function and sports quality is larger;In addition,combined with the average value analysis of the difference coefficient of each single indicator of different weight levels,it is concluded that the weak flexibility quality is the common prominent problem of the three weight levels boxers;The weak ability of attacking and defending the air,the ability of load adaptation and recovery,the level of hormone and the quality of flexibility are the common outstanding problems of middleweight boxers;The weakness of specific endurance and flexibility is a common problem of heavyweight boxers.It can reflect the actual level of athletes' physical fitness well,which shows that the established critical value and target challenge model is scientific and accurate,and it is suggested to be used in training practice.