Research On Influential Factors Of Exercise Habit Formation In Adolescents And Their Mechanisms Of Action

With the development of modern society and the transformation of urban planning,profound changes have been taken place in the life style of adolescent.The Decision of the CPC Central Committee,State Council on Deepening Education Reform,Comprehensively Promoting Quality-Oriented Education points out that healthy physique is the basic prerequisite for adolescent to serve the motherland and the people,as well as the embodiment of the vigorous vitality of the Chinese nation.In recent years,the government has strengthened its emphasis on youth sports,provided diversified sports services,fully implemented youth sports programs,and promoted the healthy development of adolescent.Major documents and policies have also continuously promoted the development of sports,such as The Action Plan for A Healthy China and The Program for Building A Strong Sports Country.Adolescents can master the basic knowledge and skills of sports,form the awareness of sports and health,develop the good habit of physical exercise,in order to truly realize the goals of physical,psychological and social health.In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the cultivation of exercise habit in adolescent at home and abroad.Poor activity directly affects the physical health in adolescent;Exercise habit is the main way to improve the physical health in adolescent;Formation of physical exercise habit is an important foundation of physical education in school.In this context,formation of physical exercise habit in adolescent becomes an important subject of concern in current society.This study applies various research approaches according to specific research objectives.In this study,the author takes exercise habit related theory as the instruction,through investigating and analyzing current situation of youth sports,acquires exercise habit related data in adolescent,and constructs the influential factor theory model for exercise habit in adolescent,then examines the model with behavioral psychology and social ecological theory by using the questionnaire,interview,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and structural equation model(SEM)methods,to increase the degree of objective,unveil the mechanism of action for individual,family,school,social influential factors of exercise habit in adolescent,put forward the strategies of the intervention for exercise habit in adolescent,suggest to form the promotion system for integrated development of exercise habit in adolescent,in order to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for exercise habit formation in adolescent.Based on the theoretical basis and the model for the influencing factors of exercise habit formation,the intervention mechanism for the influencing factors of exercise habit formation in adolescent is further analyzed.The essay comes to conclusions as follows:(1)According to the survey and interview on exercise habit in adolescent,the overall situation of exercise habit in adolescent is not optimistic,and the factors affecting the exercise habit tend to be diversified.Adolescents feel good about themselves,and the bad lifestyle such as sitting for a long time gradually affects their life.The amount of physical activity in adolescent is insufficient,boys are better than girls,most of physical exercise habit in adolescent has not formed;Physical education and extracurricular physical exercise is not well used;Adolescents have a certain awareness and cognition of taking part in exercise,but they are lack of exercise intention and knowledge.Physical exercise habit formation in adolescent is influenced with individual,family,school and social factors.(2)The theory model for influencing factors of physical exercise habit formation in adolescent is constructed,32 items for influencing factors of individual,family,school and society are proposed,and the AHP model is constructed and verified by experts.The result of the questionnaire for the measurement of the influencing factors of exercise habit in adolescent and SRHI scale are used to verify the influencing factors model for exercise habit.It is believed that all factors(25 items)in the individual,school,family and social factors of the model could well influence the forming process of exercise habit.All standardized coefficients are high that indicates that the influencing factors of exercise habit are complex and diverse,and there is an internal relationship among them.Among them,school factor is higher than other influencing factors.In view of the growing environment of adolescents,they pay more attention to the influence of school physical education on their exercise habits.Through further data analysis,it is concluded that the influence of adolescents on individual,school,family and social factors are diversified.Individual factors,such as physical exercise awareness,subjective knowledge,intention for participation in exercise and subjective satisfaction,will benefit to generate and maintain exercise habit in adolescent.The school and the family also have their indispensable roles,especially the aspect of the family sports concept,the family physical exercise behavior,the school sports facility,the school partner and so on.Among the social factors,the built environment of major cities,information media and government promotion are the important factors that affect exercise habit formation in adolescent.(3)The analysis for the influencing factors of exercise habit in adolescent with diverse genders suggests that there is significant difference in individual,family,school,social factors and exercise habit in adolescent with different genders,and males are significantly better than females.The analysis of adolescents in different age groups shows that the young are more affected by individual and family factors,and the old are more affected by social factors.The influence of school factors peaks in the period of 16 to 18 years,but gradually decreases with the growth.(4)The mechanism of action for exercise habit is characterized by the early formation of exercise habit,the diversity of influencing factors,the dynamic nature of reward effect and the long-term habit formation.Influencing factors of exercise habit play a role through context cues,incentives and exercise behavior promotion,among which exercise awareness and context cues are the key factors affecting individual,family,school and society.The mechanism of action at the social level is embodied in the overall effect of individual,family,school and the social factors and the interaction among them.(5)Based on this,the development strategies to promote the formation of exercise habits in adolescents are proposed as follows:Understanding adolescent exercise habit formation of the cognitive-intention-action-maintain,strengthen the government's policy impetus,pay attention to the social organization and full development,the sports environment provides situational clues,give more attention to the media to set up the youth science and technology service system,such as strategy will promote adolescents exercise habits,to promote the formation of adolescent health lifestyle.