Epidemiological Investigation And Risk Management Of Recreational Skiing Injury In Three Northeastern Provinces

Recreational skiing is a public skiing s port for leisure,entertainment,fitness and social conection.Since Beijing’s successful bid for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games,Chinese people begain to participate skiing more and more.However,with the rapid growth of skiers,recreational skiing injuries are also increasing gradually.Therefore,the investigation of injuries in China’s recreational skiing and the formulation of reasonable prevention strategies have become the ke y issues to be solved in order to promote the comprehensive and smooth development of winter sports.In this paper,the characteristics and influencing factors of recreational skiing injury in 10 representative snow resorts were investigated for 2 years in the three northeastern provinces of China through the method of literature,epidemiological investigation,participatory observation and mathematical statistics.Using Delphi method and expert interview method,deeply discussed the strategy and measures of safety guarantee and sports inju ry prevention in ski resort.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The incidence of skiing injury ranges from 0.5‰to 3.9‰ in different ski resorts of three northeastern provinces in China.The injury rate in large ski reso rts was lower than medium and small ski resorts.The characteristics of recreational skiing injuries were as follows: the proportion of alpine skiers was higher than that of snowboarders;The incidence of injury in beginners was more than 60%.The injury rate of male skiers was higher than that of female skiers.Skiers aged between 26 and35 are the group wi th high incidence of injury.The injury occurred more frequently in February,weekend and midday.The primary track was the highest place among all course types.The most common injuries in recreational skiing are contusions,followed by abrasions and fractures.Wrists,hands and shoulders were the most injured parts in snowboarders,knee joint was the most injured parts in double snowboarders.The severity of in jury in recreational skiing was mainly minor,the injury in male was higher than that in female,the injury in snowboard ers was higher than alpine skiers,and the injury in middle and advanced skiers was higher than that in primary skiers,and the injury t ended to worsen with the increase of age.(2)Influence factors analysis,the source of gender,age,skiing level,skiers,equipment used,warm up or not,trail grade,protective gear wearing,weather conditions and other factors have a significant impact on the occurrence and severity of injury,and the influence of all factors on skiing injury is comprehensive.(3)Through the Delphi method,the risk identification of recreational skiing injury was carried out,and the evaluation system of host risk,int ermediary risk,environmental risk and management risk was formed,including 4 first-level indicators,14 second-level indicators and 50 third-level indicators.According to risk assessment,"speed control","risky behavior or wrong judgment","safety awar eness" and "protective gear wearing" are high risk indicators of host risks."Ski track maintenance","protective net coverage" and " DIN setting" are high risk indicators among the intermediary risk indicators."Visibility" and "ski track congestion" are the high risk indicators of environmental risk."Managers’ safety cognition level","safety law enforcement","safety mark setting" and "rescue timeliness" are high risk indicators of management risk indicators.In dealing with the above risk factors,the ski resort managers should adopt active coping strategies for the variable factors such as "skier’s behavior"," Ski track maintenance " and "equipment maintenance",while adopt risk transfer and risk retention strategies for the uncontrollable factors such as skier’s gender,age and weather environment.(4)The safety prevention of recreational skiing injury should be carried out from six aspects: perfecting the policy and regulation system,perfecting the safety early warning system,improving the risk monito ring system,popularizing the safety education system,improving the safety rescue system and enhancing the insurance guarantee system.Among them,policies and regulations are the overall management basis,education,supervision and early warning system be long to the prevention before the accident;The rescue system belongs to the first aid measures in the accident;The insurance system belongs to the compensation system after the accident.Through the series of six systems,the injury prevention will be eleva ted to a systematic,dynamic and chain-type safety management system.Through the cooperation of the above safety prevention system,the incidence of injury in recreational skiing can be reduced and a good environment can be provided for the sustainable development of skiing industry.