| Purpose:In the past 30 years,the decline in physical health and lack of movement ability of young people has attracted much attention from the society.In recent years,although the physical health of young people has been steadily improving,some indicators have continued to decline.This trend has not been comprehensively and effectively contained.The continued decline in some indicators is accompanied by a general decline in physical health.The acquisition level of fundamental motor skills of young people is an important reference to reflect the physical health level of young people,and it is also an important aspect to reflect the development level of their physical movement ability.By constructing an evaluation system for fundamental motor skills of female adolescents aged 12-17,this study explores the relationship between fundamental motor skills and physical health status of female adolescents aged 12-17,and finds effects on the physical health of female adolescents aged 12-17.The development of motor skills defects,thus providing an important reference for designing appropriate intervention strategies to suppress the decline of female adolescents' physical health.Methods:The purpose of this study is to develop a set of fundamental motor skills evaluation index system of female adolescents.In another empirical study,the predictive power of the index system constructed in this study on the physical health status of adolescents was tested again by measuring the physical health indicators of adolescents and the indicators of fundamental motor skills constructed in this study.Part one.Cite Space citation visualization analysis software is mainly used to search related works and literatures on CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure Network),WOS(Web of Science)citation database,EBSCO foreign language database and Super Star electronic library.And engage in physical function training at home and abroad by visiting the relevant experts,body movement function training research scholar,youth physique measurement and evaluation of experts and scholars,as well as the body movement function training of primary and secondary schools of professional sports teachers,on the basis of collecting female teens aged 12 to 17 body movement function evaluation indicators.Then,using the Delphi method,three rounds of expert interviews were conducted to develop the expert questionnaire of 12-17 year old female adolescent Physical motor Function Assessment Model.After the completion of the final test,the formal test was carried out on the basis of obtaining better efficiency and reliability.Objects including engaged in sports teaching,sports training in areas such as teachers,coaches,athletes,etc.,received effective volume 300,using structural equation model(AMOS)and the exploratory analysis to the database for the first order,second order and third order model validation,at least more than 3 times per order model,on the basis of index system of weights.Part two.Based on the fundamental motor skills index system and the national physical health measurement index system of teenagers constructed by research 1.A total of 346 female adolescents were selected from 4 middle schools in Guizhou,Chongqing,Sichuan and Yunnan provinces(all valid samples were tested after inspection and screening,and the sample size of female adolescents aged 12-17 was basically balanced).There are 48 indicators of fundamental motor skills(X1?X48),and the national physical fitness test standard(for teenagers)includes BMI(height and weight conversion,called form),vital capacity and quality(including 6 items of 800-meter running,grip strength,standing long jump,sit-up,forward bending and reaction time).The database was established according to the one-to-one correspondence between 48fundamental motor skills indexes and physical fitness test indexes.First,the measurement results of 48 skill indexes were converted into standard scores according to the weight,and the physical fitness test indexes were converted into standard scores according to the weight of regression equation.Independent sample T test,one-way analysis of variance,multiple regression analysis and AMOS were used to explore the correlation,difference and influence among variables.The significance level of all indexes was set as a=0.05.Results:1)Adolescents' fundamental motor skills are divided into three layers.The first layer contains four first-level indicators.The weight indicates that basic movement skills are the most important(0.264),followed by basic object control skills(0.253),posture control and balance skills(0.244),and cognitive motor skills(0.239).The second level has 14 indicators.They are jumping skill(0.079),one-foot jumping skill(0.074),sliding skill(0.072),running skill,ball control skill(0.070),kicking skill(0.068),hitting skill(0.063),throwing skill(0.058),and dynamic balance skill(0).078),static balance action skills(0.069),rolling action skills(0.063),video action imitation(0.083),demonstration action imitation(0.080)and verbal cue action imitation(0.076).The third level has 48 indicators,Are one of the important standing on one foot bubble equilibrium action evaluation,a star on the cuboid offset balance action evaluation,forward roll action evaluation,evaluation+50 m running motion performance,15 m single foot skip evaluation+small hurdle action result,slide of 10 meters before action evaluation,hands on the head cast solid ball action evaluation,20 m basketball right hand dribbling moves back and forth to assess,instep positive play Position ball(football)motion evaluation,table tennis forehand attack motion evaluation,coarse and fine motion imitation evaluation,upper limb imitation evaluation,twist imitation evaluation and stretching imitation evaluation.2)The indicators of fundamental motor skills(A1-A4)had significant predictive power for the physical health status(Y)of female adolescents.The prediction accuracy of the overall regression model Y=0.213 × A1+0.335 × A2+0.324 × A3+0.228 X A4-6.734 was 94.57%.fundamental motor skills(A2)had the greatest contribution to Y variation,followed by object control skills(A3),cognitive motor skills(A4),and posture control and balance skills(A1).3)skill basic indicators of the physical health condition of adolescent(Y)predictive power have significant difference in age,characterized by age,fundamental motor skills(A1?A4)on the physical health condition of adolescent(Y)the higher predictive power,when the age from 12 to 17,the regression equation prediction accuracy increased from 90.65%to 97.13%respectively;The older the age,the more indicators of fundamental motor skills(A1?A4)introduced into the regression equation,16 and 17 years old,A1,A2,A3,A4 can be significantly introduced into the regression model,but 17 years old teenagers,the biggest influence on Y is A2,while 16 years old teenagers are A1.For 14-year-olds and 15-year-olds,only A2,A3 and A4 were introduced into the regression equation(A1 was excluded because it could not reach the significant level).For 15-year-olds,the contribution of A2,A3 and A4 to Y was balanced,while for 14-year-olds,the contribution of A2 to Y was the largest,A3 to Y was the second,and A4 to Y was the smallest.For 13-year-olds,the regression model was Y=0.413×A2+0.715×A3-9.988,indicating that THE effect of A3 on Y was significantly greater than that of A2.The regression model for 12-year-olds was Y=0.356×A1+0.248×A2-29.173,indicating that A1 had a significantly higher influence on Y than A2.4)Bootstrap mediating effect detection showed that fundamental motor skills(A1?A4)had a direct effect on the physical health status(Y)of female adolescents,while basic movement skills and basic object control skills played a double mediating role.In other words,they are the mediators of posture control and balance skills and physical health as well as cognitive motor skills and physical health.The mediating force of basic movement skills is slightly better than that of basic object control skills.Conclusions:1)The three-level index evaluation system of the measurement model of teenagers' fundamental motor skills has a reasonable structure,reliable weight,and high measurement validity and reliability;The four fundamental motor skills A1,A2,A3 and A4 significantly predicted the physical health of female adolescents,especially A2 and A3,which not only directly affected the physical health of adolescents,but also played a double mediating role.2)The influence of adolescents' fundamental motor skills on their physical health is affected by age.For adolescents aged 12,A1 and A2 training should be emphasized,especially A1 training.13-year-olds should focus on A2 and A3 training,especially A3 training.Teenagers aged 14 and 15 should strengthen the training of A2,A3 and A4.The focus of the training for 14-year-olds is A2,but both A3 and A4 should be taken into account.Teenagers aged 15 should pay attention to the balance of A2,A3 and A4 training.For 16 and 17 year old,all four fundamental motor skills(A1-A4)should be trained,but for 16 year old,A1 is the most important,while for 17 year old,A2 is more important. |
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