| Elementary school is a critical period for children’s growth and development,and healthy growth at this stage can lay a solid foundation for later physical and mental health development.In recent years,the development of fundamental motor skills of elementary school students has been highly valued by the education department,and the construction of a model of the relationship between elementary school students’ physical activity level and fundamental motor skills is of great significance for promoting the research of children’s motor development in China.The relationship between physical activity level and fundamental motor skills has received extensive attention from international scholars.At present,there are relatively few theoretical and practical achievements in this field in China,especially in the empirical aspects,which need to be further deepened and expanded.To this end,this study combines international research trends and discusses the influence mechanism between physical activity level and fundamental motor skills based on practical problems such as declining physical fitness level and insufficient physical activity,so as to provide theoretical and practical references for relevant policies and actions for the improvement of physical activity level and the development of fundamental motor skills of elementary school students,and help children’s physical and mental health and comprehensive development.Based on the above research objectives,the relevant theories of physical activity level and fundamental motor skills development were first sorted out by literature method,and on this basis,the research status of physical activity level and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students was analyzed,and the research progress of the relationship between physical activity level and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students was systematically reviewed,which laid a solid theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of this study.Secondly,through the test and investigation of 548 elementary school students in grades 3-6 in Hunan Province,the characteristics of the current physical activity level and fundamental motor skills development of elementary school students were analyzed,and the correlation between elementary school students’ physical activity level and fundamental motor skills at multiple levels was deeply explored,which laid a practical foundation for the construction of the subsequent model of this study.Thirdly,by surveying 820 elementary school physical education teachers and interviewing 10 experts in the field,the current situation of teachers’ and experts’ cognition of the development of physical activity and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students was analyzed,and the potential mediating factors between physical activity level and fundamental motor skills from the perspective of teachers and experts were clarified,which provided direction guidance for the construction of this research model.Fourth,this study constructs a two-way model of the relationship between physical activity level and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students with physical fitness level,perceived motor competence and positive mental health as mediating factors,and explores the effect of the above intermediating factors between the two.Finally,based on the model construction,the experimental method was used to perform a 12-week physical activity intervention on 290 elementary school 4th grade students to verify the effectiveness of the relationship model between physical activity level and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students.Based on the above research,the main conclusions of this study are as follows:1.Elementary school students’ physical activity level and fundamental motor skills development have significant difference in grade,gender and other characteristics.The physical activity level of elementary school students gradually decreased with the increase of grades,the physical activity level of boys was generally higher than that of girls,and the physical activity level of non-myopic students was generally higher than that of myopic students.The fundamental motor skill development level of third-grade elementary school students is the lowest,boys had a higher level of manipulative skill development than girls,with boys’ manipulative skill development level higher than girls’,and the fundamental motor skill development level of obese students is lower than that of students with normal weight.The higher level of physical activity of elementary school students as a whole,the higher level of development of their fundamental motor skills,especially manipulative skills.2.There is a multifaceted and deep correlation between physical activity levels and fundamental motor skills in elementary school students.Physical education activities,after-school activities,weekend activities,and daily activity frequency were closely related to the development of locomotor skills,manipulative skills,and total motor skills in the specific dimensions of physical activity level of elementary school students.The overall level of physical activity was significantly positively correlated with all fundamental motor skills in boys,while it was not significantly related to girls.In the dimension of physical activity level,physical education class activities and daily activity frequency can significantly predict the fundamental motor skills level of elementary school students,especially the fundamental motor skills of level 2 students are more predictive.3.There are multiple potential mediating factors between elementary school students’ physical activity levels and fundamental motor skills.Teachers have a high consensus on the complexity of the relationship between physical activity levels and fundamental motor skills in elementary school students,believing that the two are mutually reinforcing.At the same time,the potential mediating factors existing in the interaction relationship between the two have a clear direction,which can be summarized into three main potential mediating factors: physical fitness level,mental health,and perceived motor competence.4.A two-way model of the relationship between physical activity levels and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students was constructed.Specifically,in the model where physical activity level affects fundamental motor skills,physical activity level affects elementary school students’ locomotor skills through the complete mediating effect of physical fitness and perceived motor competence,and physical activity levels has a direct impact on manipulative skills.In the model where fundamental motor skills affect physical activity levels,locomotor skills affect the physical activity level of elementary school students through the complete mediating role of perceived motor competence and positive mental health,and manipulative skills not only directly affect but also affect the physical activity level of elementary school students through the mediating role of perceived motor competence and positive mental health.5.The model of the relationship between physical activity level and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students constructed by the Institute has been verified in practice.Specifically,the physical activity intervention effectively improved the upper and lower limb manipulative skills(including dribbling,passing,catching and other skills)in the fundamental motor skills of the fourth-grade students,as well as cardiorespiratory endurance in the physical fitness level,and cardiorespiratory endurance had a significant positive effect on the fundamental motor skills.The experimental verified the relationship model between physical activity levels and fundamental motor skills of elementary school students constructed by this institute,and physical activity had a significant promoting effect on the level of manipulative skills and cardiorespiratory endurance of elementary school students. |
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