Research On The Development Characteristics And Mechanism Of Fundamental Motor Skills,perceived Motor Competence And Physical Activity Of Children Aged 6-10

Physical activity(PA)and Fundamental motor skills(FMS)have an important influence on children’s physical and mental health development.At present,the level of PA of children in the world gradually decreases with age.It is of great significance to strengthen the research on the influencing factors and promotion path of PA of children and adolescents.Perceived Motor Competence(PMC)and FMS are important factors that affect children’s PA level.Adequate and regular PA provides protection for children and adolescents to improve motor ability,self cognition,physical and mental health development.The purpose of this study is to learn from the conceptual model and related theories of the relationship between FMS and PA put forward by a foreign scholar named Stodden,The study builds a structural equation model of the relationship between FMS,PMC and PA,analyzes the relationship between FMS and PMC and PA in children aged 6-10,and verifies the role of PMC in the relationship between FMS and PA.It provides reference for promoting the development of children’s PA and physical and mental health,and It also plans for PA promotion and FMS education.Methods:A survey was conducted on 458 students from grades 1-4(6-10 years old)in a school in Shijiazhuang.The research adopts the methods of literature review,relevant research materials were collected through databases such as the Hebei Normal University Library,CNKI,Pubmed,and Web of Science.The research adopts the methods of measurement,PA levels of children were measured by accelerometer,including Light Physical Activity(LPA),moderate physical activity(MPA)and Vigorous Physical Activity(VPA).The research adopts the methods of scale,Test of Gross Motor Development Third Version(TGMD-3)tests FMS,including Locomotion skills(LOC)and Object Control skills(OC).The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence(PMSC)measures PMC,including Locomotion skills Perceived Competence(LOCPC)and Object Control skills Perceived Competence(OCPC).The research adopts the methods of mathematical statistics,gender differences in PMC,FMS,and PA were tested using independent sample t-tests,the one-way ANOVA was used to test the age difference,and the maximum likelihood method was used to analyze the correlation and verify the intermediary role of PMC.Results:1.Age and gender characteristics of FMS,PMC and PA levels(1)FMS: The level of FMS,LOC and OC increased gradually with age.FMS increased from 63.67 to 82.26 points.LOC increased from 32.17 to 39.81 points,and OC increased from 31.50 to 42.58 points.The level of FMS,LOC and OC increased significantly at the age of [8.0,9.0)years.The age at which there was gender difference between FMS and OC(P<0.01)was [8.0,9.0)years,the age at which there was gender difference in LOC(P<0.05)was [9.0,10.0)years.(2)PMC:The levels of PMC,LOCPC and OCPC gradually decreased with age.PMC decreased from 45.21 to 39.82,LOCPC decreased from 21.56 to 19.24,and OC decreased from 23.85 to 20.68.PMC and OCPC showed gender difference at [8.0,9.0)years old(P<0.05),and LOCPC showed gender difference at [9.0,10.0)years old(P<0.05).(3)PA: the level of LPA gradually increased with age,from 319.55 min to333.19 min.The levels of MPA and VPA decreased gradually with age,MPA decreased from 82.41 min to 62.45 min,and VPA decreased from 19.19 min to 7.35 min.There was a gender difference between LPA and MPA and VPA at [8.0,9.0)years old(P<0.05 and P<0.05).2.Correlation of FMS,PMC and PAFMS and PA(β=0.41,P<0.01),PMC and FMS(β=0.42,P<0.01),PMC and PA(β=0.49,P<0.01)all have positive interaction relationship,and are significantly weak correlation in the younger age(β=0.24,0.23,0.36,P<0.01),and significantly moderate correlation in the older age(β=0.61,0.66,0.63,P<0.01).The results showed that the correlation of FMS,PMC and PA increased with age.3.PMC mediation role(1)PMC plays a partial mediating role in the mechanism of FMS affecting MVPA,with the mediating effect of 16.8%.The mediating effect of PMC is reflected in the old age segment,with the mediating effect of 27.3%,and there is no mediating effect in the young age segment.(2)PMC plays a partial mediating role in the mechanism of MVPA affecting FMS,with the mediating effect of 14.4%.The mediating effect of PMC is reflected in the old age segment,with the mediating effect of 28.8%,and there is no mediating effect in the young age segment.Conclusions:(1)8～ 9 years old is a "watershed" for the rapid growth or decline of FMS,PMC and MVPA,and it is also a "watershed" for the gender differences in the development level of the above indicators.In the promotion scheme of FMS and PA,age and gender differences should be considered.(2)The relationship between FMS and PA is positively interactive,and PMC plays an intermediary role in the above-mentioned index relationship of children in old age.In the promotion scheme of PA and FMS for children in different age groups.Attention should be paid to the intervention of PMC.