A Study On Learning Motivation Of Students In Middle Schools Of Rural Underdeveloped Areas

Learning motivation is a process of stimulation in which individuals take learning goals as their orientation,also motivate and guide their learning behaviors of preferred choice,and lead themselves to complete the established learning goals.To some degree,the educational problems can be reflected by students' learning motivation.Middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas are confronted with the dilemma in utilitarianism of education and learning,so study on learning motivation is a key way to deal with the education problems in these areas.By investigating the nature and causes of the dominant types of students' learning motivation,we can deeply reflect on related questions of educational and cultural environment,promote the optimization of educational and cultural environment,advance the reform and development of education and teaching,and then promote the early realization of the rural revitalization strategy.Conducted from the perspective of culture and guided by the theory of“self-determination”,this research adopted the way of combination of quantitative and qualitative research according to the methodology of constructivism.Questionnaire investigation and interview investigation were also adopted.Taking “students' striving learning goals” as the starting point,it systematically discussed the nature and causes of the dominant type of learning motivation of middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas of China and revealed the educational and cultural problems formed by the dominant types of learning motivation of middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas of China,and thus the educational conditions and foundations of the formation of internal learning motivation of middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas of China could be deeply thought about.The whole research includes seven parts: introduction,middle school students' learning motivation in rural underdeveloped areas,the dominant type and nature of the cause of middle school students' instrumental motivation in rural underdeveloped areas,cultural analysis of high school education tools in rural underdeveloped areas,the psychological connotation and educational conditions of students' inner learning motivation.the factor to develop the students' inner learning motivation,conclusion and outlook.The detail results are summarized as follows:(1)There are mainly five dominant types of learning motivation for middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas.In order of frequency,they are self-improvement motivation,health motivation,recognition motivation,achievement motivation,and independent motivation.The dominant type of learning motivation of“ the whole sampled students”,“excellent students”,“medium students” and “poor students”are the same.The dominant learning motivation of middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas show obvious instrumentality,which is embodied in the external pursuit of personal material and honor by using “academic performance” as a tool or intermediary.The instrumental motivation of self-improvement,recognition motivation and achievement motivation is the most obvious,with their external goals accounting for 83.39%,95.83% and 84.66% respectively.Healthy motivation and independent motivation show learning-centered adaptive characteristics.(2)The direct cause of the instrumental learning motivation of middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas is the controlling cultural environment,which is mainly manifested in three aspects: the structural poverty condition in home and school,the habitual control methods in home and school,and the examination system with high competition in education.The cultural root of the instrumental learning motivation of middle school students in rural underdeveloped areas is people's pursuit of hierarchical culture,which can be systematically reflected through the instrumentalization of education and is recognized and strengthened by the educational subjects.The instrumentalization of education enhances the control and systematicness of the cultural environment.(3)The instrumentalized performance of behavior level of middle school education in rural underdeveloped areas is the behavior manifestation of the educational subjects(mainly referring to parents,teachers and students)focusing on the examination results.It is believed that a high score means a promising one and a decent thing,and that all discipline is for the benefit of students.The performance of the value level is the educational understanding and choice focusing on instrumental value,and it is agreed that education and learning are for better material life,better moral adaptation,and higher status.The expression of belief level is the understanding of the meaning of human life focusing on material results.It is believed that the meaning of human life lies in emphasizing on life(body first),morality(good relationships)and achievements(being respected).(4)This study believes that the key to education improvement is to change the current situation of education instrumentalization and promote the formation of students' internal learning motivation.The core connotation of internal learning motivation mainly reflects the basic needs of individual “autonomy-ability”,the core value of“ambition-spirit”,and the life meaning of “free life”.The formation of internal learning motivation requires the consensus of education subjects on innate dignity,the building of a cultural environment that supports students' autonomy,and the active promotion of mutual integration between education and life.And the construction of cultural environment needs to be based on the excellent traditional Chinese culture and discover the integration of traditional and modern culture.(5)This study believes that life education is conducive to the formation of students' internal learning motivation.Life education and internal learning motivation both point to the recognition of the subject status of human beings,the respect for human life and the pursuit of human life and freedom.The formation of internal learning motivation lies in the process of life education.It is characterized by independent choice,self-value and self-motivation.Life education aims to promote the social construction that human life can be respected,to form a democratic way of life and education,and to form a systematic supportive cultural environment that facilitates the formation of internal learning motivation.