The Differences Of Emotion Regulation And Its Neural Basis Among College Students With Different Psychological Suzhi

The Guiding Outline of Psychological Health Education for College Students issued by the Ministry of Education,clearly states that "The mental health education aims to improve the psychological Suzhi of college students,and promote the harmonious development of their physical and mental health".Psychological Suzhi is an endogenous protective factor for emotion health(mental health)(Zhang,Wang,2012).Emotion regulation is a key mechanism for promoting emotion health(Gross & Mu(?)oz,1995;Chervonsky,Hunt,2019),studies have found that it plays an intermediary role between psychological Suzhi and emotion health,and there is a close relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation(Dong,Zhang,2015;Peng,Bao Zhong,Zhu,2018;Su,Feng,2018).However,the existing research on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation is still very weak,Many problems in need of deep exploration.The existing problems are as follows: firstly,emotion regulation is a dual process involving conscious emotional regulation and automatic emotion regulation(Gyurak,Gross,& Etkin,2011),however,the existing research on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation only focuses on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and conscious emotion regulation without investigating the relationship between psychological Suzhi and automatic emotion regulation;secondly,most studies on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and conscious emotional regulation only focus on the regulation of negative emotions,while few studies comprehensively examine the enhancement and attenuation of different titer emotions,so the research content needs to be further expanded;thirdly,most of the studies on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation effect only focus on the subjective experience and the indicators of peripheral nervous system changes,and lack of investigation on the central neurophysiological indicators of emotion regulation effect;fourthly,the research have found that there is a close relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation,then whether the differences in emotion regulation among college students of different psychological Suzhi have their corresponding neurophysiological basis is also a question worthy of exploring.From the above discussion,it can be seen that,the existing research on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation is not enough to fully and systematically reveal the close relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation,which also limits the in-depth discussion on the mechanism of psychological Suzhi to some extent.In order to better understand how psychological Suzhi affects emotion health,it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically investigate the differences of emotion regulation and its neural basis of college students with different psychological Suzhi.It is of great significance to reveal the protective function and mechanism of psychological Suzhi,and answer the important research proposition of psychological Suzhi--why does the person with high psychological Suzhi have more healthy emotion?Therefore,this study intends to take dual-process emotion regulation as the content framework,and applies a variety of research methods comprehensively(such as questionnaire surveys,behavioral experiments,Functional Magnetic Resonance Image(FMRI)technology)to systematically investigate the differences in emotion regulation and neural basis of college students with different psychological Suzhi,so as to reveal the relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation,and reveal the protective role and mechanism of psychological Suzhi eventually,from the perspective of emotional regulation.This study consists of three parts: Study 1 investigates the differences in conscious emotion regulation among college students with different psychological Suzhi;Study 2investigates the differences in automatic emotion regulation among college students with different psychological Suzhi;subsequently,on the basis of Study 1 and Study 2,Study3 further investigates the neural basis of the differences in emotion regulation among college students with different psychological Suzhi.Concretely,the contents of three studies are as follows:Study 1: Investigate the differences of conscious emotion regulation among college students with different psychological Suzhi.Study 1A,adopted the concise psychological Suzhi scale of college students,emotion regulation questionnaire(ERQ),emotion regulation habits questionnaire to investigate the differences of emotion regulation strategy and habits among college students with different psychological Suzhi.Results showed that: the use frequency of adaptive emotion regulation(cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression,negative emotions dampened adjustment,positive emotions enhance adjustment)of college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly higher than that of college students with low psychological Suzhi;the frequency of non-adaptive emotion regulation(positive emotions dampened adjustment,negative emotions enhance adjustment)in college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly lower than that of college students with low psychological Suzhi.Study 1B,use the ERP experiment method to investigate the difference of emotion regulation effect among college students with different psychological Suzhi.The first to investigate the difference of emotion down-regulation effect among college students with different psychological Suzhi,emotional evocation-regulation paradigm,neutral,positive and negative emotion pictures were used as experimental materials,with the help of ERP technology which has high time resolution advantages to investigate the electrophysiological differences of the emotion regulation effect on the implementation of cognitive ignore and expression inhibition emotion regulation strategies in college students with different psychological Suzhi.It was found that:(1)when the negative emotion picture induced emotion is weakened and regulated,compared with the negative images-viewing conditions,high psychological Suzhi group on the negative images-cognitive ignore conditions' LPP amplitude significantly less than the low psychological Suzhi group,high psychological Suzhi group on negative images-expressive suppression condition' LPP amplitude showed no significant difference with low psychological Suzhi group,the effect of negative emotion cognitive reappraisal on college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly better than that of college students with low psychological Suzhi;(2)when the positive emotion picture induced emotion is weakened and regulated,the LPP amplitude of positive imagecognitive neglect condition and positive image-expression suppression condition in high psychological Suzhi group was not significantly difference with low psychological Suzhi group.Secondly,to investigate the differences of emotion up-regulation effect among college students with different psychological Suzhi.Use of emotion evocation-regulation paradigm,neutral,positive and negative emotion pictures were used as experimental materials,with the help of ERP technology which has high time resolution advantages to investigate the electrophysiological differences of the effect of emotion regulation on the implementation of cognitive emphasis and expressive catharsis emotion regulation strategies in college students with different psychological Suzhi.The results displayed that:(1)when the negative emotion picture induced emotion is enhancement regulated,compared with negative image-viewing condition,LPP amplitude of negative image-cognitive emphasis condition and negative image-expressing catharsis condition in the high psychological Suzhi group had no significant difference from the group with low psychological Suzhi.When the negative emotion picture induced emotion is enhancement regulated,compared with negative images-viewing conditions,high psychological Suzhi group in the negative images-cognitive catharsis conditions' LPP amplitude significantly bigger than the low psychological Suzhi group,there was no significant difference in LPP amplitude of positive image-expressing catharsis condition between the high psychological Suzhi group and the low psychological Suzhi group.The results of the study 1 show that college students with different psychological Suzhi not only show significant differences in emotion regulation mode,but also show significant differences in the emotion regulation effects.Study 2: Investigates the differences of automatic emotion regulation among college students with different psychological Suzhi through two experiments.Study 2A,to investigate the difference of implicit attitude towards emotion regulation in college students with different psychological Suzhi.Emotion regulation implicit association test was used to investigate the response correct rate and response time of college students with high and low psychological Suzhi to emotion regulation words(control)and emotional catharsis words,Then the connection strength between emotion control words and positive words of college students with different levels of psychological Suzhi was investigated to understand the implicit attitude of college students with high and low levels of psychological Suzhi to emotion regulation.The results showed that :(1)The combined response time of emotion control words and positive words in the high psychological Suzhi group was lower than that in the low psychological Suzhi group(marginal significant),and(2)the D value in the high psychological Suzhi group was significantly higher than that in the low psychological Suzhi group,College students with high psychological Suzhi have a more positive implicit attitude towards emotion control than those with low psychological Suzhi.Study 2B,investigate the difference of automatic emotion regulation ability among college students with different psychological Suzhi,emotional clues GO/NOGO paradigm and ERP technology was adopted,use pictures of positive(pleasant),neutral and negative(fearful)emotional faces as experimental materials,the participants were asked to perform implicit discrimination task in the experiment to explore the relationship between psychological Suzhi and automatic emotion regulation ability.The results showed that:(1)The average amplitude of GO-N2 on the pictures of positive,negative and neutral valence faces in the low psychological Suzhi group was significantly larger than that in the high psychological Suzhi group,the automatic attention control ability of college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly better than that of college students with low psychological Suzhi;(2)The average amplitude of NOGO-P3 on positive,negative and neutral valence pictures of the high psychological Suzhi group was significantly larger than that of the low psychological Suzhi group,the automatic behavior inhibition ability of college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly better than that of college students with low psychological Suzhi.The results of study 2show that college students with different psychological Suzhi not only show significant differences in the implicit attitude of emotion regulation,but also in the ability of automatic emotion regulation.Study 3,Investigate the neural basis of emotion regulation differences among college students with different psychological Suzhi.Study 3A,neutral and negative emotion images were used as experimental materials,adopting the emotional evocation-regulation paradigm,and the Functional Magnetic Resonance Image(f MRI)technology with high spatial resolution was used to investigate the differences in the activation of brain regions of college students with different psychological Suzhi when implementing the strategy of cognitive reappraisal of emotion regulation to reduce the negative emotions.The results showed that: in comparison with the negative picture-viewing condition,under the negative picture-cognitive reappraisal condition,the activation levels of many encephalic regions in the low psychological Suzhi group were significantly higher than those in the high psychological Suzhi group.Those encephalic regions are as follows: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,bilateral inferior temporal gyrus,left anterior cingulate gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus.These results revealed that the encephalic regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,bilateral inferior temporal gyrus,left anterior cingulate gyrus,and middle cingulate gyrus were likely to be the neural basis for the difference of conscious emotion regulation in college students with different psychological Suzhi,and the influence of psychological Suzhi on conscious emotion regulation might be realized by attention tissue,target orientation,and resource allocation function in many encephalic regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,bilateral inferior temporal gyrus,left anterior cingulate gyrus,and middle cingulate gyrus.Study 3B,with the help of Functional Magnetic Resonance Image(f MRI),and adopting the word-face paradigm with high emotion conflict,the accuracy and the reaction time of college students with different psychological Suzhi levels under the consistent condition and the inconsistent condition were investigated.At the same time,the differences in the activation of brain areas of college students with different levels of psychological Suzhi were investigated when the interference of emotion words was effectively suppressed and the emotion titers of faces were quickly confirmed.The results showed that: compared with the college students with low psychological Suzhi,the college students with high psychological Suzhi significantly activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex when performing the task of automatic emotion regulation.It indicated that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was likely to be the neural basis for the difference of automatic emotion regulation in college students with different psychological Suzhi,and the influence of psychological Suzhi on automatic emotion regulation might be realized by the automatic attention control function of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.On the basis of the results of this study,conclusions were drawn as follows:(1)High(vs low)psychological Suzhi college students have a significant advantage in conscious emotional regulation : the application frequency of the adaptive emotion regulation methods(cognitive reappraisal,expression suppression,positive emotion enhancement regulation,and negative emotion weakening regulation)of college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly higher than that of college students with low psychological Suzhi;the application frequency of the non-adaptive emotion regulation methods(negative emotion enhancement regulation and positive emotion weakening regulation)for college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly lower than that of college students with low psychological Suzhi;the regulation effect of cognitive neglect weakening to negative emotion of college students with high psychological Suzhi is significantly better than that of students with low psychological Suzi;the regulation effect of cognitive attention enhancement to positive emotion of college students with high psychological qualities is significantly better than that of the college students with low psychological Suzhi;(2)High(vs low)psychological Suzhi college students have a significant advantage in automatic emotional regulation: college students with high psychological Suzhi have a more positive implicit attitude towards emotion control in contrast to college students with low psychological Suzhi;college students with high psychological Suzhi have significantly better automatic emotional regulation abilities than those college students with low psychological Suzhi.(3)The dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex,dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus,left anterior cingulate gyrus,middle cingulate gyrus,and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus are likely to be the neural basis of the relationship between psychological Suzhi and conscious emotion regulation.The effect of Suzhi on conscious emotional regulation may be realized through the attention organization,target-oriented function and the resource allocation function of encephalic regions including dorsolateral anterior frontal lobe,dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus,left anterior cingulate gyrus,middle cingulate gyrus and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus.(4)The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is likely to be the neural basis of the relationship between psychological Suzhi and automatic emotion regulation,and the effect of psychological Suzhi on automatic emotional regulation may be realized through the automatic attention control function of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.In summarize,this research systematically investigates the differences in emotion regulation among college students of different psychological Suzhi,not only reveals the advantages of college students with high psychological Suzhi in conscious emotion regulation,but also finds the advantages of college students with high psychological Suzhi in automatic emotion regulation;expands the research contents on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and conscious emotion regulation,and comprehensively reveals the relationship between psychological Suzhi and conscious emotion regulation;Pioneering research was conducted on the differences of automatic emotion regulation among college students with different psychological Suzhi,the relationship between the two is revealed on the implicit level;Meanwhile,it discovers the characteristics of the adaptive emotional regulation of college students with high psychological Suzhi,which makes up for the insufficiency of the existing research on the relationship between psychological Suzhi and emotion regulation,and deepens the research on the mechanism of psychological Suzhi from the perspective of emotion regulation.In addition,this study reveals the neural basis of differences in emotional regulation among college students of different psychological qualities,provides neurophysiological evidence for the close relationship between psychological qualities and emotional regulation,and enriches neuroimaging studies of psychological qualities.This study suggests that emotion regulation is likely to be a key factor in the mechanism of psychological Suzhi,and the function of individual emotion regulation is likely to have an important impact on the development of psychological Suzhi as well as the function of psychological Suzhi.Therefore,the training for emotion regulation is expected to improve the level of psychological Suzhi and promote the function of psychological Suzhi.In addition,this study provides a research basis for carrying out the mental health neurological intervention of college students with low psychological Suzhi.